Cannabaceae

Cannabaceae, in the order of Rosales, is a small family of dicotyledonous flowering plants including Cannabis, Humulus (hops) and eight genera formerly in the Celtidaceae: Celtis, Pteroceltis, Aphananthe, Chaetachme, Gironniera, Lozanella, Trema, and Parasponia. Cannabaceae are widely distributed in tropical to temperate regions of the world and play a significant role in horticulture, the economy, evolution and human history. The family includes economically and culturally important species like Cannabis sativa (fibre, seed and drug production) and Humulus lupulus (used in brewing).

Cannabaceae plants have been cultivated for centuries for various purposes. Hemp, a variety of Cannabis, is grown for its fibres, seeds, and oil. It’s used in textiles, paper, rope, and as a source of high-protein food. Other Cannabis varieties are used for drug production because of their psychoactive and medicinal properties. Humulus is essential in the beer industry, providing flavour and aroma to beer. Horticulturists have developed different cultivars within the Cannabaceae family for specific purposes, reflecting the economic and cultural significance of these plants.

The Cannabaceae family has an interesting evolutionary history. Cannabis, in particular, is believed to have evolved in Central Asia 28 million years ago and then spread to different parts of the world. The family’s distinctive chemical compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, likely evolved as defence mechanisms against herbivores and pests. Studying the evolution of these plants can provide insights into the co-evolution between plants and other organisms.

These plants have had a profound impact on human culture, economy, and medicine. Cannabis has been used for its psychoactive and medicinal properties, and in recent years, its medical applications have gained recognition. Hemp has been used for various industrial and agricultural purposes. Humulus is a critical ingredient in the brewing industry, contributing to the production of beer, a globally popular beverage.

In summary the Cannabaceae family has played a significant role in horticulture, evolutionary studies and human history shaping various aspects of our society, economy and understanding of plant biology. Working Group Cannabaceae endeavours to continue to develop the full potential of these plants to further improve their contribution to our culture and economy.