Articles
Determination of amino acids and fatty acids levels in date palm kernel flour in Sudan
Article number
1371_54
Pages
395 – 402
Language
English
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the various levels of amino acids and fatty acids in date palm kernel (DPK) for enhancing production performance of animals natural feed in Sudan, in addition to protecting the environment from waste.
The material used is flour of date seeds from the following date cultivars: Berkawi, Gandilla, Tamouda, Klmah, Mashreq Wad Khatib, Mashreq Wad Lagi. This research was conducted at the following institutions: Geological Research Authority of Sudan, preparation of the DPK; Institute Penyelidikan Produk Halal of University Putra-Malaysia, determination of amino acids using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy mass spectroscopy (HPLC MSMS) fluorescence; University of Medical Sciences and Technology-Sudan, determination of fatty acids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seeds were collected from various areas of Sudan and from factories.
All seeds were mixed together and they weigh 8 kg.
Samples preparation includes five steps, namely 1) washing, 2) soaking, 3) flushing, 4) drying, 5) grinding.
The flour was then used to determine its contents of amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) and fatty acids by GC-MS. Concentrations of the following amino acids were determined in the sample (percentages in w/w are indicated between parenthesis): hydroxyprofine (0.224), aspartic acid (7.029), serine (6.350), glutamic acid (1.745), glycine (3.183), histicline (0.705), arginine (7.262), threonine (ND), alanine (15.558), proline (4.302), cysteine (34.326), tyrosine (2.070), voline (0.402), methionine (2.989), lysine (4.723), isoleucine (2.203), leucine (4.485), phenylalanine (2.442) while the determined fatty acids are: lauric acid (11.765), tetradecanoic acid (14.214), methyl palmitoleate (16.235), palmitic acid(16.431), cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid, methyl ester (17.253), margaric acid (17.464), linoleic acid (18.183), oleic acid (18.236), stearic acid (18.449), methylester (20.106), and arachidic acid (20.308). The seeds of the dates are found to be rich in amino acids as well as fatty acids, which means they can be used as natural feed for animals.
These seeds are now dealt with as waste so using them as source of nutrition means protecting the environment and also reducing the cost of animal feed.
The material used is flour of date seeds from the following date cultivars: Berkawi, Gandilla, Tamouda, Klmah, Mashreq Wad Khatib, Mashreq Wad Lagi. This research was conducted at the following institutions: Geological Research Authority of Sudan, preparation of the DPK; Institute Penyelidikan Produk Halal of University Putra-Malaysia, determination of amino acids using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy mass spectroscopy (HPLC MSMS) fluorescence; University of Medical Sciences and Technology-Sudan, determination of fatty acids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seeds were collected from various areas of Sudan and from factories.
All seeds were mixed together and they weigh 8 kg.
Samples preparation includes five steps, namely 1) washing, 2) soaking, 3) flushing, 4) drying, 5) grinding.
The flour was then used to determine its contents of amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) and fatty acids by GC-MS. Concentrations of the following amino acids were determined in the sample (percentages in w/w are indicated between parenthesis): hydroxyprofine (0.224), aspartic acid (7.029), serine (6.350), glutamic acid (1.745), glycine (3.183), histicline (0.705), arginine (7.262), threonine (ND), alanine (15.558), proline (4.302), cysteine (34.326), tyrosine (2.070), voline (0.402), methionine (2.989), lysine (4.723), isoleucine (2.203), leucine (4.485), phenylalanine (2.442) while the determined fatty acids are: lauric acid (11.765), tetradecanoic acid (14.214), methyl palmitoleate (16.235), palmitic acid(16.431), cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid, methyl ester (17.253), margaric acid (17.464), linoleic acid (18.183), oleic acid (18.236), stearic acid (18.449), methylester (20.106), and arachidic acid (20.308). The seeds of the dates are found to be rich in amino acids as well as fatty acids, which means they can be used as natural feed for animals.
These seeds are now dealt with as waste so using them as source of nutrition means protecting the environment and also reducing the cost of animal feed.
Publication
Authors
R.S.M. Abdalla, M.A. Eltayeb, A.M.E. Hassan, A.M. El Hussein
Keywords
date palm kernel, solid waste, nutritional value, amino acids, fatty acids
Groups involved
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