Articles
Stand establishment method influenced root length intensity and yield of globe artichoke cultivars
Article number
1424_11
Pages
89 – 100
Language
English
Abstract
Direct seeding and transplanting are the two most used planting methods to establish vegetable crops.
The success for maximum stand establishment and crop performance depends on numerous factors, such as seed and transplant quality, soil preparation, irrigation and fertility management.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of direct seeding and transplanting on shoot physiology, root length intensity root (La), yield, and head quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus). Stand establishment methods (direct seeding and transplanting) were evaluated in the field on three artichoke cultivars, ‘Green Globe Improved’ (GGI), ‘Imperial Star’ (IS), and ‘Romolo’ (ROM). Plants that were started in the first year were terminated after harvest and a completely new set of plants were used in the second year.
Minirhizotron image analysis showed that transplanted plants had higher mean root length intensity (La, mm cm‑2) compared to direct seeded plants.
For cultivars, ROM had higher La than GGI in both growing seasons.
Plants established by transplanting had higher chlorophyll content index (SPAD) and leaf area index than direct seeded plants at the vegetative stage in the first year.
In both growing seasons, gas exchange components (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) were statistically similar across planting methods and cultivars.
Interestingly, the transplanting approach resulted in higher yield in both growing seasons.
Compared to direct seeding, the total increase in marketable yield for transplanting was 6% (21.1 vs. 19.9 t ha‑1) in year 1 and 33.6% (18.3 vs. 13.7 t ha‑1) in year 2. Comparing cultivars, GGI had earlier and higher marketable yield than ROM. Although cynarin concentration was similar in both establishment methods across the study period, chlorogenic acid in direct seeding heads had higher concentration in year 2. Overall, the present study revealed potential and consistent improvements in root dynamics and marketable yield for artichoke stands established by transplanting than direct seeded method.
The success for maximum stand establishment and crop performance depends on numerous factors, such as seed and transplant quality, soil preparation, irrigation and fertility management.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of direct seeding and transplanting on shoot physiology, root length intensity root (La), yield, and head quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus). Stand establishment methods (direct seeding and transplanting) were evaluated in the field on three artichoke cultivars, ‘Green Globe Improved’ (GGI), ‘Imperial Star’ (IS), and ‘Romolo’ (ROM). Plants that were started in the first year were terminated after harvest and a completely new set of plants were used in the second year.
Minirhizotron image analysis showed that transplanted plants had higher mean root length intensity (La, mm cm‑2) compared to direct seeded plants.
For cultivars, ROM had higher La than GGI in both growing seasons.
Plants established by transplanting had higher chlorophyll content index (SPAD) and leaf area index than direct seeded plants at the vegetative stage in the first year.
In both growing seasons, gas exchange components (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) were statistically similar across planting methods and cultivars.
Interestingly, the transplanting approach resulted in higher yield in both growing seasons.
Compared to direct seeding, the total increase in marketable yield for transplanting was 6% (21.1 vs. 19.9 t ha‑1) in year 1 and 33.6% (18.3 vs. 13.7 t ha‑1) in year 2. Comparing cultivars, GGI had earlier and higher marketable yield than ROM. Although cynarin concentration was similar in both establishment methods across the study period, chlorogenic acid in direct seeding heads had higher concentration in year 2. Overall, the present study revealed potential and consistent improvements in root dynamics and marketable yield for artichoke stands established by transplanting than direct seeded method.
Authors
D. Leskovar, Y. Othman
Keywords
Cynara cardunculus, yield, gas exchange, cynarin, chlorogenic acid
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