Articles
NEMATODE SUPPRESSIVE ROTATION CROPS FOR ORCHARD RENOVATION
Article number
363_7
Pages
49 – 56
Language
Abstract
Field trials of novel rotation crops showed that certain Brassica plants effectively suppressed populations of the plant parasitic nematode Xiphinema americanum. A bioassay using the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was developed to test the hypothesis that toxic end products from the glucosinolate – thioglucosidase (myrosinase) system were responsible for nematode mortality.
Plant extracts were prepared by a method for total glucosinolate extraction.
Freshly hatched juveniles of C. elegans were assayed in a liquid growth medium to which extracts were added in a dilution series, with and without the addition of thioglucosidase.
After 72 hr, nematodes were evaluated for mortality, growth, and development.
Results showed that extracts were toxic with the addition of thioglucosidase.
Tops and roots of fifteen Brassica cultivars from three species were assayed at different growth stages.
Results showed a range of toxic activity.
Among species, the order of toxicity was B. napus > B. campestris > B. kaber. The order of toxicity among plant parts was seeds > foliage > roots and toxicity of the foliage increased with plant age.
Extracts showing the greatest toxicity against C. elegans were tested against X. americanum in vitro.
A dosage response curve converted to probits compared the lethal doses required to kill 50% of the nematodes.
Results showed that Xiphinema was more sensitive to rapeseed toxins than C. elegans.
Plant extracts were prepared by a method for total glucosinolate extraction.
Freshly hatched juveniles of C. elegans were assayed in a liquid growth medium to which extracts were added in a dilution series, with and without the addition of thioglucosidase.
After 72 hr, nematodes were evaluated for mortality, growth, and development.
Results showed that extracts were toxic with the addition of thioglucosidase.
Tops and roots of fifteen Brassica cultivars from three species were assayed at different growth stages.
Results showed a range of toxic activity.
Among species, the order of toxicity was B. napus > B. campestris > B. kaber. The order of toxicity among plant parts was seeds > foliage > roots and toxicity of the foliage increased with plant age.
Extracts showing the greatest toxicity against C. elegans were tested against X. americanum in vitro.
A dosage response curve converted to probits compared the lethal doses required to kill 50% of the nematodes.
Results showed that Xiphinema was more sensitive to rapeseed toxins than C. elegans.
Publication
Authors
J.M. Halbrendt, G. Jing
Keywords
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