Articles
PERSIMMON GENETIC RESOURCES AND BREEDING IN JAPAN
Article number
685_5
Pages
55 – 64
Language
English
Abstract
Oriental persimmon was originated in Eastern Asia, and many indigenous cultivars have been developed in China, Japan, and Korea.
The variations in fruit maturing time and fruit weight in astringent cultivars of Japanese origin conserved at National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), Akitsu, Japan, were nearly the same as those in astringent cultivars of Chinese origin conserved at National Persimmon Germplasm Repository, Meixian, China.
In Japan, two types of non-astringent cultivars have been developed, including pollination constant non-astringent (PCNA) cultivars important in commercial production.
A few PCNA cultivars of Chinese origin have recently become known, and the genetic behavior of their PCNA properties was different from that of PCNA genotypes of Japanese origin.
Local PCNA cultivars of Japanese origin show little phenotypic variation.
Most of them are late ripening, and the fruits tend to crack at the calyx and/or stylar ends.
In addition, they have specific morphological features.
This narrow diversity seems to be attributed to their recent origin and genetic recessiveness.
The main commercial cultivars of PCNA were late ripening, and one of the breeding objectives at NIFTS has been to develop early ripening PCNA cultivars. Izu (early ripening) was released in 1970, and Shinshu (early to mid-ripening), Yoho (mid-ripening), Taishu (mid-ripening), and Yubeni (late ripening) were released in the 1990s in the course of the breeding of crosses among PCNA genotypes.
Three early ripening PCNA cultivars (Soshu, Kanshu, and Kishu), with no fruit cracking at the calyx end, were released during 2000-2003. However, inbreeding depression is a serious obstacle in crossing among PCNA genotypes.
DNA markers to distinguish PCNA genotypes using leaf DNA of young seedlings have been developed.
They will be utilized in backcross-breeding (PCNA x non-PCNA) x PCNA, which is underway at NIFTS to avoid inbreeding.
The variations in fruit maturing time and fruit weight in astringent cultivars of Japanese origin conserved at National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), Akitsu, Japan, were nearly the same as those in astringent cultivars of Chinese origin conserved at National Persimmon Germplasm Repository, Meixian, China.
In Japan, two types of non-astringent cultivars have been developed, including pollination constant non-astringent (PCNA) cultivars important in commercial production.
A few PCNA cultivars of Chinese origin have recently become known, and the genetic behavior of their PCNA properties was different from that of PCNA genotypes of Japanese origin.
Local PCNA cultivars of Japanese origin show little phenotypic variation.
Most of them are late ripening, and the fruits tend to crack at the calyx and/or stylar ends.
In addition, they have specific morphological features.
This narrow diversity seems to be attributed to their recent origin and genetic recessiveness.
The main commercial cultivars of PCNA were late ripening, and one of the breeding objectives at NIFTS has been to develop early ripening PCNA cultivars. Izu (early ripening) was released in 1970, and Shinshu (early to mid-ripening), Yoho (mid-ripening), Taishu (mid-ripening), and Yubeni (late ripening) were released in the 1990s in the course of the breeding of crosses among PCNA genotypes.
Three early ripening PCNA cultivars (Soshu, Kanshu, and Kishu), with no fruit cracking at the calyx end, were released during 2000-2003. However, inbreeding depression is a serious obstacle in crossing among PCNA genotypes.
DNA markers to distinguish PCNA genotypes using leaf DNA of young seedlings have been developed.
They will be utilized in backcross-breeding (PCNA x non-PCNA) x PCNA, which is underway at NIFTS to avoid inbreeding.
Publication
Authors
M. Yamada
Keywords
Diospyros kaki, astringent, fruit cracking, inheritance, non-astringent, ripening time
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