Articles
USE OF GRAFTED SEEDLINGS FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN JAPAN
Article number
770_1
Pages
15 – 20
Language
English
Abstract
Abstract
Study on the grafting of watermelon plants for the cultivation was first reported in 1927, and watermelon seedlings grafted onto bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks became popular in the production of watermelons during the following decade.
Scarlet eggplant (Solanum integrifolium) rootstock was introduced into the production of eggplants in the 1950s.
Then grafting has been applied to the production of cucumbers and tomatoes since about 1960 and 1970, respectively.
The percent production area using grafted plants in the total area of watermelons, cucumbers, melons, tomatoes and eggplants attained 57% in 1980, and the percentage increased to 59% in 1998. As aging of farmers and shortage of labor progressed in the 1980s, more efficient grafting methods, such as tube grafting, were developed, and grafting robots became available in the early 1990s.
A unique grafting method, double-stem grafting, was developed to reduce the number of seedlings for planting, and it will become popular in the future.
With this method, the number of shoots with rootstocks increases three times of the conventional grafting method.
Grafting of tomato plants onto Solanum rootstocks was examined to gain stronger resistance to soil-borne diseases and nematodes.
Grafting tomato plug seedlings onto eggplant or scarlet eggplant plug seedlings controls the overly vegetative growth caused by planting at a young plug stage, and increases in sugar contents of tomato fruits.
Without careful selection of rootstock species or cultivars, however, yield reduction, blossom end rot, and magnesium deficiency may appear.
In the grafting of tomato plug seedlings, the first flower truss is often delayed.
This phenomenon is attributed to the high temperature of 25 to 30°C during the healing process to establish the grafted union of the seedlings, which also affect the first flower truss development.
Therefore, grafted tomato plug seedlings should be treated with low night temperature at around 15°C.
Study on the grafting of watermelon plants for the cultivation was first reported in 1927, and watermelon seedlings grafted onto bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks became popular in the production of watermelons during the following decade.
Scarlet eggplant (Solanum integrifolium) rootstock was introduced into the production of eggplants in the 1950s.
Then grafting has been applied to the production of cucumbers and tomatoes since about 1960 and 1970, respectively.
The percent production area using grafted plants in the total area of watermelons, cucumbers, melons, tomatoes and eggplants attained 57% in 1980, and the percentage increased to 59% in 1998. As aging of farmers and shortage of labor progressed in the 1980s, more efficient grafting methods, such as tube grafting, were developed, and grafting robots became available in the early 1990s.
A unique grafting method, double-stem grafting, was developed to reduce the number of seedlings for planting, and it will become popular in the future.
With this method, the number of shoots with rootstocks increases three times of the conventional grafting method.
Grafting of tomato plants onto Solanum rootstocks was examined to gain stronger resistance to soil-borne diseases and nematodes.
Grafting tomato plug seedlings onto eggplant or scarlet eggplant plug seedlings controls the overly vegetative growth caused by planting at a young plug stage, and increases in sugar contents of tomato fruits.
Without careful selection of rootstock species or cultivars, however, yield reduction, blossom end rot, and magnesium deficiency may appear.
In the grafting of tomato plug seedlings, the first flower truss is often delayed.
This phenomenon is attributed to the high temperature of 25 to 30°C during the healing process to establish the grafted union of the seedlings, which also affect the first flower truss development.
Therefore, grafted tomato plug seedlings should be treated with low night temperature at around 15°C.
Authors
M. Oda
Keywords
flower truss, history, induced resistance, plug seedling, robot, rootstock
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