Articles
PHYLOGENY OF PISTACIA (ANCARDIACEAE) BASED ON CHLOROPLAST DNA NON-CODING SPACER SEQUENCES
Article number
948_12
Pages
113 – 119
Language
English
Abstract
Pistacia is a member of the Anacardiaceae family that includes at least eleven extant dioecious tree species grouped into four sections with both Old and New World distributions. P. vera was cultivated in prehistoric Iran and was an early introduction into Mediterranean Europe at the Christian Era.
In this research all eleven species of Pistacia were sampled from the germplasm collection at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA-ARS, Davis, California. Schinus molle was used as an outgroup taxon because of its close taxonomic affinity to Pistacia within the family Anacardiaceae. Three cpDNA non-coding spacer regions: trnT-trnF, atpB-rbcL, and rbcL-ORF106 were PCR amplified and sequenced.
Phylogenetic analyses were performed with PAUP* 4.0b10 using maximum parsimony (MP) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) methods.
Bootstrap and decay analyses were performed to estimate the support for different nodes.
Parsimony analysis using a branch-and-bound search generated eighteen equally most parsimonious trees (MPTs) of 115 steps with a consistency index of 0.913, retention index of 0.899, and homoplasy index of 0.087. Three well-supported monophyletic clades corresponded to the Zohary-proposed sections Lentiscella, Eu-Lentiscus, and Eu-Terebinthus are evident in both MP and NJ analyses.
The most variable species, P. atlantica representing the section Butmela is placed within the sect. Eu-Terebinthus in our analyses.
Interestingly, the cultivated species P. vera, was not within the section Eu-Terebinthus in the MP tree, but instead placed as a basal sister group to the rest of the species in the NJ tree.
In summary, the phylogeny based on sequences from cpDNA non-coding spacer regions largely confirms traditional taxonomic classification within the genus Pistacia.
In this research all eleven species of Pistacia were sampled from the germplasm collection at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA-ARS, Davis, California. Schinus molle was used as an outgroup taxon because of its close taxonomic affinity to Pistacia within the family Anacardiaceae. Three cpDNA non-coding spacer regions: trnT-trnF, atpB-rbcL, and rbcL-ORF106 were PCR amplified and sequenced.
Phylogenetic analyses were performed with PAUP* 4.0b10 using maximum parsimony (MP) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) methods.
Bootstrap and decay analyses were performed to estimate the support for different nodes.
Parsimony analysis using a branch-and-bound search generated eighteen equally most parsimonious trees (MPTs) of 115 steps with a consistency index of 0.913, retention index of 0.899, and homoplasy index of 0.087. Three well-supported monophyletic clades corresponded to the Zohary-proposed sections Lentiscella, Eu-Lentiscus, and Eu-Terebinthus are evident in both MP and NJ analyses.
The most variable species, P. atlantica representing the section Butmela is placed within the sect. Eu-Terebinthus in our analyses.
Interestingly, the cultivated species P. vera, was not within the section Eu-Terebinthus in the MP tree, but instead placed as a basal sister group to the rest of the species in the NJ tree.
In summary, the phylogeny based on sequences from cpDNA non-coding spacer regions largely confirms traditional taxonomic classification within the genus Pistacia.
Publication
Authors
M.Q. Syouf, M.K. Aradhya, A.M. Koehmstedt, D. Velasco , E. Stover
Keywords
NCS, pistachio, taxonomy
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