Articles
MANAGING NUT GENETIC RESOURCES UNDER DISEASE THREAT
Article number
1070_22
Pages
193 – 200
Language
English
Abstract
The USDA ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) Corvallis, Oregon, is assigned to preserve genetic resources of hazelnuts (Corylus L.) and butternuts (Juglans cinerea L.). Both crops are threatened by fungal diseases.
Hazelnuts are challenged by eastern filbert blight (EFB) (caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller). Butternuts are challenged by butternut canker caused by (Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Nair, Kostichka & Kuntz) and thousand cankers disease caused by (Geosmithia morbida). EFB is native in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and spread to the Pacific Northwestern US, initially arriving in southern Washington State in the 1960s.
By 2006, the disease had spread throughout Oregons hazelnut production area, and by 2010, the disease was established within about 2.5 km of the NCGR genebank.
The disease has not yet been observed in the NCGR field collection.
Fungicide applications are made annually during the spring infection period.
A backup planting of hazelnut core accessions was established in Parlier, California, far away from commercial production and EFB. About 10% of the hazelnut collection is preserved as in vitro cultures stored at 4°C and dormant bud cryogenic storage is under research.
The NCGR-Corvallis has shipped >2000 hazelnut samples during the past 18 years.
Because the range of EFB is limited to North America, its presence in Oregon does not impact distribution within the United States.
Import requirements vary from one country to another.
The European Union has banned importation of Corylus from North America, even in vitro cultures of resistant cultivars.
Oregon State University and NCGR developed microsatellite markers and used them to fingerprint cultivars and assess genetic diversity in the collection.
The NCGR genebank continues to preserve world diversity of hazelnut genotypes and species.
The butternut collection at the NCGR-Corvallis is outside of the range for butternut canker, which is found east of the Rocky Mountains.
Thousand cankers disease is in Oregon but it has not been observed in the NCGR butternut collection.
Secondary butternut collections are at the US Forest Service in West Lafayette, Indiana, or St.
Paul, Minnesota.
Hazelnuts are challenged by eastern filbert blight (EFB) (caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller). Butternuts are challenged by butternut canker caused by (Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Nair, Kostichka & Kuntz) and thousand cankers disease caused by (Geosmithia morbida). EFB is native in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and spread to the Pacific Northwestern US, initially arriving in southern Washington State in the 1960s.
By 2006, the disease had spread throughout Oregons hazelnut production area, and by 2010, the disease was established within about 2.5 km of the NCGR genebank.
The disease has not yet been observed in the NCGR field collection.
Fungicide applications are made annually during the spring infection period.
A backup planting of hazelnut core accessions was established in Parlier, California, far away from commercial production and EFB. About 10% of the hazelnut collection is preserved as in vitro cultures stored at 4°C and dormant bud cryogenic storage is under research.
The NCGR-Corvallis has shipped >2000 hazelnut samples during the past 18 years.
Because the range of EFB is limited to North America, its presence in Oregon does not impact distribution within the United States.
Import requirements vary from one country to another.
The European Union has banned importation of Corylus from North America, even in vitro cultures of resistant cultivars.
Oregon State University and NCGR developed microsatellite markers and used them to fingerprint cultivars and assess genetic diversity in the collection.
The NCGR genebank continues to preserve world diversity of hazelnut genotypes and species.
The butternut collection at the NCGR-Corvallis is outside of the range for butternut canker, which is found east of the Rocky Mountains.
Thousand cankers disease is in Oregon but it has not been observed in the NCGR butternut collection.
Secondary butternut collections are at the US Forest Service in West Lafayette, Indiana, or St.
Paul, Minnesota.
Authors
K.E. Hummer, J.D. Postman, J.E. Preece
Keywords
butternut, butternut canker, Corylus, eastern filbert blight, filbert, germplasm, hazelnut, Juglans cinerea, thousand cankers disease
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