Articles
Carrot production and prospects of breeding research in Kazakhstan
Article number
1264_21
Pages
175 – 182
Language
English
Abstract
Carrots are one of the most important vegetables in Kazakhstan; it occupies the third position after tomato and onion in terms of the occupied area.
In 2017, the harvested area of carrots amounted up to 20,000 ha, and the volume of production 546,300 t of root crops were mainly from hybrid and cultivar seeds of foreign breeding.
In the country, the main planting areas of carrot (77.4%) are concentrated in the northeast (Pavlodar 25.1%) and the eastern (East Kazakhstan 6.7%), southern (South Kazakhstan 11.5%, Zhambyl 15.6%) and the southeastern (Almaty 18.4%) regions.
Western, south-western and northern regions are traditionally considered less suitable for commercial carrot production.
In the production of carrots, the share of agricultural enterprises accounts for 5.9%, individual entrepreneurs and peasants or private farms have 61.5%, while the rest (32.6%) falls on the householders.
On plantations, hybrid and cultivar seeds of Chantenay and Nantes types of foreign companies are mainly used, which are most preferable both for the producer and for the consumer, thanks to the blunt-ended conical and cylindrical shape of roots, homogeneous and bright orange color of the core and pulp with a smooth surface.
Carrots in Kazakhstan are mostly consumed fresh and delivered to the market year-round: from the middle of summer, it begins to come from the fields and from late autumn until the middle of next summer it comes from from storage.
Despite the considerable sown areas of carrots in Kazakhstan, only in the last 10-12 years efforts have been made to develop breeding research.
During the Soviet era, scientific works on carrots in Kazakhstan were mainly related to its seed production.
Since gaining independence, the studies have been expanded with the deepening of studies on the integrated assessment of the available gene pool, which included local forms, foreign hybrids and open-pollinated cultivars.
Based on the methods of individual and pedigree selection, pair and group crossings, new biotypes of carrot were formed.
At the present moment, three cultivars of carrots have been developed and released, which have high productivity and good commodity indicators.
Along with the creation of open-pollinated cultivars, a work has begun on the formation of a genetic base for heterosis breeding.
It has been formed the first inbred lines and sterile forms of carrot, some of them are involved in the process of hybridization to search for fertile analogs and to maintain sterility.
In 2017, the harvested area of carrots amounted up to 20,000 ha, and the volume of production 546,300 t of root crops were mainly from hybrid and cultivar seeds of foreign breeding.
In the country, the main planting areas of carrot (77.4%) are concentrated in the northeast (Pavlodar 25.1%) and the eastern (East Kazakhstan 6.7%), southern (South Kazakhstan 11.5%, Zhambyl 15.6%) and the southeastern (Almaty 18.4%) regions.
Western, south-western and northern regions are traditionally considered less suitable for commercial carrot production.
In the production of carrots, the share of agricultural enterprises accounts for 5.9%, individual entrepreneurs and peasants or private farms have 61.5%, while the rest (32.6%) falls on the householders.
On plantations, hybrid and cultivar seeds of Chantenay and Nantes types of foreign companies are mainly used, which are most preferable both for the producer and for the consumer, thanks to the blunt-ended conical and cylindrical shape of roots, homogeneous and bright orange color of the core and pulp with a smooth surface.
Carrots in Kazakhstan are mostly consumed fresh and delivered to the market year-round: from the middle of summer, it begins to come from the fields and from late autumn until the middle of next summer it comes from from storage.
Despite the considerable sown areas of carrots in Kazakhstan, only in the last 10-12 years efforts have been made to develop breeding research.
During the Soviet era, scientific works on carrots in Kazakhstan were mainly related to its seed production.
Since gaining independence, the studies have been expanded with the deepening of studies on the integrated assessment of the available gene pool, which included local forms, foreign hybrids and open-pollinated cultivars.
Based on the methods of individual and pedigree selection, pair and group crossings, new biotypes of carrot were formed.
At the present moment, three cultivars of carrots have been developed and released, which have high productivity and good commodity indicators.
Along with the creation of open-pollinated cultivars, a work has begun on the formation of a genetic base for heterosis breeding.
It has been formed the first inbred lines and sterile forms of carrot, some of them are involved in the process of hybridization to search for fertile analogs and to maintain sterility.
Authors
B. Amirov
Keywords
carrot, production, breeding, cultivar, hybrid
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