Articles
Effects of wastewater and gray water irrigation on Aptenia cordifolia, Carpobrotus edulis, Festuca ovina glauca and Ophiopogon japonicus treated with plant growth-promoting rizobacteria in external green wall
Article number
1441_13
Pages
97 – 106
Language
English
Abstract
The use of non-conventional water sources for agricultural irrigation can be used to reduce consumption of fresh water and the need for mineral fertilizers.
The main purpose of this study was to manage water in green walls by examining the effects of morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of the ornamental Aptenia cordifolia, Carpobrotus edulis, Festuca ovina glauca and Ophiopogon japonicus irrigated with recycled water.
The experiments followed a split-plot layout, organized within a randomized complete block design with three replications from March to December 2022 on an external green wall.
The main factor was recycled waters with three levels (gray water, wastewater effluent from the Kashfroud region of Mashhad, and urban water (control)). The sub-factor included different bacterial strains at four levels, composed of various bacteria combinations (B1: Psedoumonas flucrecens + Azosporillum liposferum + accumulator plant, Thiobacillus thioparus + Aztobactor chorococcum, B2: Paenibacillus polymyxa + Pseudomonas fildensis + Bacillus subtilis + Achromobacter xylosoxidans + Bacillus licheniform, B3: Pseudomonas putida + Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans + Bacillus velezensis + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus methylotrophicus + Mcrobacterium testaceum, and the control level without bacterial application (B0). The results indicated that all morphophysiological traits (surface coverage, relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), showed significant differences at a 5% probability level.
The highest surface coverage and RWC and, along with the lowest EL, were observed in substrates inoculated with bacteria.
Furthermore, plant growth-promoting rizobacteria (PGPR), from biochemical traits, were associated with increased total protein.
They also contributed to controlling oxidative stress caused by free radicals by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
The results of this research highlight the effectiveness of using Mix B3 in combination with wastewater irrigation, and also recommend the use of A. cordifolia as a more resilient alternative to less stable species commonly used in external green walls in dry and semi-arid climates.
The main purpose of this study was to manage water in green walls by examining the effects of morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of the ornamental Aptenia cordifolia, Carpobrotus edulis, Festuca ovina glauca and Ophiopogon japonicus irrigated with recycled water.
The experiments followed a split-plot layout, organized within a randomized complete block design with three replications from March to December 2022 on an external green wall.
The main factor was recycled waters with three levels (gray water, wastewater effluent from the Kashfroud region of Mashhad, and urban water (control)). The sub-factor included different bacterial strains at four levels, composed of various bacteria combinations (B1: Psedoumonas flucrecens + Azosporillum liposferum + accumulator plant, Thiobacillus thioparus + Aztobactor chorococcum, B2: Paenibacillus polymyxa + Pseudomonas fildensis + Bacillus subtilis + Achromobacter xylosoxidans + Bacillus licheniform, B3: Pseudomonas putida + Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans + Bacillus velezensis + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus methylotrophicus + Mcrobacterium testaceum, and the control level without bacterial application (B0). The results indicated that all morphophysiological traits (surface coverage, relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), showed significant differences at a 5% probability level.
The highest surface coverage and RWC and, along with the lowest EL, were observed in substrates inoculated with bacteria.
Furthermore, plant growth-promoting rizobacteria (PGPR), from biochemical traits, were associated with increased total protein.
They also contributed to controlling oxidative stress caused by free radicals by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
The results of this research highlight the effectiveness of using Mix B3 in combination with wastewater irrigation, and also recommend the use of A. cordifolia as a more resilient alternative to less stable species commonly used in external green walls in dry and semi-arid climates.
Publication
Authors
M. Jozay, H. Zarei, S. Khorasaninejad, T. Miri
Keywords
growth index, oxidative stress, ornamental plant, recycling water, relative saturation deficit
Groups involved
- Division Landscape and Urban Horticulture
- Division Greenhouse and Indoor Production Horticulture
- Division Precision Horticulture and Engineering
- Division Plant-Environment Interactions in Field Systems
- Division Horticulture for Human Health
- Division Vegetables, Roots and Tubers
- Working Group Vertical Farming
- Working Group Urban Horticulture
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