Home > VI International Symposium on Integrated Canopy, Rootstock, Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems > BRANCH INDUCTION USING HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE AND PROMALIN

Articles

BRANCH INDUCTION USING HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE AND PROMALIN

Article number

451_81

Pages

679 – 682

Language

Abstract

Apple trees supplied for planting in tropical, warm-winter, areas may be poorly branched as a result of inadequate winter-chilling to break bud dormancy and also of strong apical dominance which may be associated with this.
Hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex) can induce break of buds which would otherwise stay dormant while Promalin induces laterals to develop on the new leading shoot as it grows.

Publication

VI International Symposium on Integrated Canopy, Rootstock, Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems

Authors

J.E. Jackson

Keywords

Malus pumila, dormancy, bud-break, apical dominance

Full text

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.451.81

Online Articles (93)

2. TRENDS IN THE WASHINGTON STATE TREE-FRUIT INDUSTRY

D.C. Elfving

3. FRUIT GROWING IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY

T. Watson

4. A REVIEW OF FRUIT TREE ROOTSTOCK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

A.D. Webster

5. RECENT ADVANCES IN STUDIES ON THE DWARFING MECHANISM OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

J.S. Kamboj | P.S. Blake | J.D. Quinlan | A.D. Webster | D.A. Baker

6. ROOTSTOCK BREEDING AND ORCHARD TESTING AT HORTICULTURE RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL – EAST MALLING

A. D. Webster | K. R. Tobutt | David J. James | Kate M. Evans | Frank A. Alston

7. THE PILLNITZ APPLE ROOTSTOCK BREEDING METHODS AND SELECTION RESULTS

M. Fischer

8. PILLNITZER SUPPORTER 4 (PI 80) – A SEMI-DWARF APPLE ROOTSTOCK FROM DRESDEN-PILLNITZ

M. Fischer

9. TREE SIZE, YIELD AND BIENNIAL BEARING RELATIONSHIPS WITH 40 APPLE ROOTSTOCKS AND THREE SCION CULTIVARS

Bruce H. Barritt | Bonnie S. Konishi | Marc A. Dilley

10. COMMERCIAL ORCHARD EVALUATION OF THE NEW CORNELL-GENEVA APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

T. L. Robinson | James N. Cummins | S. A. Hoying | Warren H. Smith

11. USEFUL DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH VIGOR BETWEEN SUBCLONES OF THE APPLE ROOTSTOCK M.9

S.J. Wertheim

12. PERFORMANCE OF ‘GALA’ AT YEAR 5 WITH EIGHT APPLE ROOTSTOCKS IN AN 8-LOCATION NORTH AMERICAN NC-140 TRIAL

13. TESTING 20 APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

O. Callesen

14. EVALUATION OF 9 APPLE ROOTSTOCKS THE FIRST CROPPING YEARS IN A NORTHERN CLIMATE

J. Ystaas | O. Frøynes | M. Meland

15. APPLE ROOTSTOCK TRIALS AT THE FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE, UHF BUDAPEST (PRELIMINARY REPORT)

K. Hrotkó | L. Magyar | B. Hanusz

16. EARLY RESULTS WITH DWARFING ROOTSTOCKS USED AS INTERSTOCKS FOR APPLES IN NEW ZEALAND

John W. Palmer | S. Seymour | Wendy M. Cashmore

17. PERFORMANCE OF 3 APPLE CULTIVARS ON 6 ROOTSTOCKS DURING THE FIRST 6 SEASONS, AT LENSWOOD, SOUTH AUSTRALIA

P. James

18. DROUGHT SENSITIVITY OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

C.J. Atkinson | A.D. Webster | M. Policarpo | A. Kuden | C.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi

19. LOW TEMPERATURE INJURY AND RECOVERY OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

J. Privé | C. Embree

20. COLD HARDINESS EVALUATION OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

H.A. Quamme | R.T. Brownlee

21. LACK OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ROOT PRUNING AND ROOTSTOCK ON GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE

David C. Ferree | M. Knee

22. BIOAGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE MAIN FRUIT TREE ROOTSTOCKS IN ITALY

F. Loreti

23. BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID CHERRY ROOTSTOCKS

G. Lang | W. Howell | D. Ophardt | G. Mink

24. PERFORMANCE OF THE NC-140 CHERRY ROOTSTOCK TRIALS IN NORTH AMERICA

25. EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCKS AND INTERSTOCKS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET CHERRY TREES

K. Hrotkó | L. Magyar | G. Simon | B. Hanusz

26. THE USDA-ARS STONE FRUIT ROOTSTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AT BYRON, GEORGIA

T.G. Beckman | A.P. Nyczepir | W.R. Okie

27. FIELD PERFORMANCE OF PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK CULTIVARS AND SELECTIONS ON REPLANT SOILS IN SOUTH CAROLINA

28. HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GUARDIAN^TM (BY520–9) PEACH ROOTSTOCK

29. THE ALMOND X PEACH HYBRID ROOTSTOCKS BREEDING PROGRAM AT ZARAGOZA (SPAIN)

A.J. Felipe | J. Gómez-Aparisi | R. Socías | M. Carrera

30. COMPARISON OF LEAF MINERAL CONTENT, CARBON ASSIMILATION AND STEM WATER POTENTIAL OF TWO APRICOT (PRUNUS ARMENIACA) CULTIVARS GRAFTED ON ‘CITATION’ AND ‘MARIANNA 2624’ ROOTSTOCKS

A. Rosati | T.M. DeJong | S.M. Southwick

31. TWO NEW PLUM ROOTSTOCKS FOR PEACH AND NECTARINES: PENTA AND TETRA

A. Nicotra | L. Moser

32. ‘MONTIZO’ AND ‘MONPOL’, TWO NEW PLUM ROOTSTOCKS FOR PEACHES

A. Felipe | M. Carrera | J. Gómez-Aparisi | R. Socias

33. WHOLE-TREE GAS EXCHANGES: CAN WE DO IT CHEAPER?

L. Corelli-Grappadelli | E. Magnanini

34. LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON WHOLE-CANOPY NET CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE RATES OF APPLE TREES

A.H.D. Francesconi | A.N. Lakso | S.S. Denning

35. EFFECTS OF FRUITING ON SEASONAL LEAF AND WHOLE-CANOPY CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE OF APPLE

J.N. Wünsche | J.W. Palmer

36. EFFECTS OF CROP LOAD ON APPLE PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES AND YIELD

R. Giuliani | L. Corelli-Grappadelli | E. Magnanini

37. EFFECT OF FRUIT LOAD ON WHOLE TREE CARBON ASSIMILATION, DARK RESPIRATION, AND WATER RELATIONS IN APPLE

M. M. Blanke

38. APPLE FRUIT RESPIRATION IN THE FIELD: RELATIONSHIPS TO FRUIT GROWTH RATE, TEMPERATURE, AND LIGHT EXPOSURE

M. Bepete | A.N. Lakso

39. MEANS AND MEASUREMENT OF ROOT RESPIRATION IN FRUIT CROPS

M. M. Blanke

40. CONTRIBUTION OF SOIL RESPIRATION TO THE CARBON BALANCE OF AN APPLE ORCHARD

M. M. Blanke

41. EFFECTS OF FRUITING ON SEASONAL APPLE LEAF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE

D.H. Greer | J.N. Wünsche | J.W. Palmer

42. PHOTOSYNTHESIS, ¹⁴C-PHOTOSYNTHATE DISTRIBUTION AND SHOOT AND ROOT GROWTH OF YOUNG APPLE TREES ON 3 ROOTSTOCKS EXPOSED TO FLOODING

R. Thomas Fernandez | R. Michael McLean | Ronald L. Perry | James A. Flore

43. STUDY OF GROWTH ANALYSIS, WATER RELATIONS, GAS EXCHANGE, AND CARBON PARTITIONING IN ONE PLUM SPECIES DURING WATER STRESS AND RELIEF

L. Lombardini | James A. Flore | John D. Everard | M. Tattini

44. THE USE OF WHOLE PLANT CHAMBERS TO DETERMINE THRESHOLD FOR MITES IN SOUR CHERRY

S. Breitkreutz | J. Flore | M. Hubbard | J. Johnson

45. DIURNAL AND SEASONAL STOMATAL REGULATION OF WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN LEAVES OF FIELD-GROWN APPLE TREES

L. Cheng | X. Luo

46. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF APPLE TREES TO ARTIFICIAL REDUCTION OF THE GROWTH PERIOD FROM HARVEST TO LEAF FALL

D.S. Tustin | C.J. Stanley | H.M. Adams

47. PRINCIPLES OF ORCHARD SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZING SUPPLY, DEMAND AND PARTITIONING IN APPLE TREES

A.N. Lakso | T.L. Robinson

48. LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND CANOPY CHARACTERISTICS AT LOW LATITUDES IN RELATION TO ORCHARD SYSTEM DESIGN

John E. Jackson

49. INTERACTION OF TREE FORM AND ROOTSTOCK ON LIGHT INTERCEPTION, YIELD AND EFFICIENCY OF ‘EMPIRE’, ‘DELICIOUS’ AND ‘JONAGOLD’ APPLE TREES TRAINED TO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS

T. L. Robinson

50. VARYING DENSITY WITH CONSTANT RECTANGULARITY: EFFECTS ON APPLE TREE PERFORMANCE AND YIELD IN THREE TRAINING SYSTEMS

C.R. Hampson | F. Kappel | H.A. Quamme | R.T. Brownlee

51. NORTH AMERICAN NC-140 APPLE ORCHARD SYSTEMS TRIAL

52. THE PERFORMANCE OF ‘JONAGOLD’ AND ‘EMPIRE’ APPLE IN AN NC-140 ROOTSTOCK AND ORCHARD SYSTEMS TRIAL IN MICHIGAN

Ronald L. Perry

53. LABOR REQUIREMENTS FOR ‘EMPIRE’ AND ‘JONAGOLD’ AFFECTED BY ROOTSTOCK AND THREE ORCHARD SYSTEMS IN THE MICHIGAN NC-140 TRIAL

R. Perry | S. Swinton | P. Schwallier

54. HIGH DENSITY PLANTING SYSTEMS IN ‘SUMMERRED’ APPLES IN A NORTHERN CLIMATE

M. Meland | O. Hovland

55. GROWTH AND CROPPING OF DWARF ‘JONAGOLD’ (‘JONICA’) APPLE TREES PLANTED AT THE DENSITY RANGED FROM 2,000 to 10,000 PER HA AND TRAINED AS SLENDER SPINDLE, SUPER SPINDLE AND V SYSTEM

A. Mika | E. Piskor

56. RESULTS OF PLANTING SYSTEMS AND DENSITY TRIALS WITH DWARF AND SEMI-DWARF APPLE TREES GRAFTED ON MALLING (M) AND POLISH (P) ROOTSTOCKS

A. Mika | A. Krawiec | D. Krzewinska

57. EARLY RESULTS WITH INTENSIVE SYSTEMS OF APPLES ON VIRUS-FREE M.9 ROOTSTOCK IN NEW ZEALAND

John W. Palmer | H. M. Adams

58. EVALUATION OF FIVE APPLE TRAINING SYSTEMS IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

59. HIGH DENSITY PLANTED APPLE ORCHARDS: EFFECTS ON YIELD, PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT QUALITY

G. Costa | E. Beltrame | P. Zerbini | A. Pianezzola

60. THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING SYSTEM AND PRUNING TIME ON GROWTH AND APPLE FRUITING

I. Platon | L. Zagrai

61. ‘MIKADO’ AND ‘DRILLING’ (TRIPLET) – TWO NOVEL TRAINING SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE HIGH QUALITY APPLE AND PEAR PRODUCTION

A. Widmer | C. Krebs

62. AN ORCHARD DESIGN SUITED TO HAND POLLINATION

David A. Kollas

63. THE STRUCTURE OF CENTRAL LEADER TREES FOR MEDIUM-DENSITY ORCHARDS AS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND TREE VIGOR

T. Kikuchi | Y. Shiozaki | T. Asada | O. Arakaw

64. SUMMER PRUNING DOES NOT APPEAR TO INCREASE BARTLETT PEAR CROP YIELD ON REDUCED HEIGHT TREES IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Yaffa L. Grossman | Rachel B. Elkins | T. M. DeJong

65. ECONOMIC OUTCOMES OF EARLY CROPPING AND TREE SPACING DECISIONS IN BRAEBURN APPLES ON MALLING 9 ROOTSTOCK

M. B. Cahn | R. B. Stevens | Anne C.A. van de Klundert

66. YIELD AND LIGHT EFFICIENCY FOR HIGH QUALITY FRUIT IN APPLE AND PEACH HIGH DENSITY PLANTING

S. Sansavini | L. Corelli-Grappadelli

67. INFLUENCE OF SUNLIGHT LEVEL AND ROOTSTOCK ON APPLE FRUIT QUALITY

B.H. Barritt | B.S. Konishi | S.R. Drake | C.R. Rom

68. EFFECTS OF GIRDLING AND BARK INVERSION ON TREE GROWTH AND FRUIT QUALITY OF APPLE

O. Arakawa | K. Kanno | A. Kanetsuka | Y. Shiozaki

69. EFFECTS OF ROOT RESTRICTION ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF APPLE TREE GROWTH

C.J. Atkinson | A.D. Webster | S. Vaughan | A.S. Lucas

70. DO HIGH DENSITY SYSTEMS REALLY PAY ? – EVALUATION OF HIGH DENSITY SYSTEMS FOR CLING PEACHES

T.M. DeJong | W. Tsuji | J.F. Doyle | Y.L. Grossman

71. PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DWARF PEACH AND NECTARINE ORCHARD

G. Vizzotto | G. Costa

72. GROWTH AND YIELD OF HIGH DENSITY PEACH TREES AS INFLUENCED BY SPACING AND ROOTING VOLUME

M. Rieger | S.C. Myers

73. FRUITING AND VEGETATIVE PERFORMANCE OF REDHAVEN PEACHES AS AFFECTED BY ROOT RESTRICTION

G. Vizzotto | O. Lain | G. Costa

74. A COMPARISON OF 3 PLUM TREE TRAINING SYSTEMS DURING THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF GROWTH

H. Wustenberghs | J. Keulemans

75. A METHOD FOR SUPERINTENSIVE, PROTECTED CULTURE OF SWEET CHERRIES

H. Wustenberghs | J. Keulemans

76. EXPERIENCES WITH SWEET CHERRY SPINDLE TREES

K. Hrotkó | G. Simon | L. Magyar | B. Hanusz

77. CONTROLLING THE SHOOT GROWTH AND CROPPING OF SWEET CHERRY TREES USING ROOT PRUNING OR ROOT RESTRICTION TECHNIQUES

A. D. Webster | C. J. Atkinson | Simon J. Vaughan | Ann S. Lucas

78. ORCHARD SYSTEMS FOR SOUR CHERRY

O. Callesen

79. PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM FOR SUPPRESSION OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH IN EASTERN APPLES

R. R. Evans | J. Reid Evans | W. Rademacher

80. REDUCED RISK CONCEPT FOR PROHEXADIONE-CALCIUM, A VEGETATIVE GROWTH CONTROL PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR IN APPLES

Victor W. Winkler

81. IMPROVED FEATHERING BY BENZYLADENINE APPLICATION ON ONE-YEAR-OLD ‘IDARED’ APPLE TREES IN THE NURSERY

K. Hrotkó | L. Magyar | T. Bubán

82. BRANCH INDUCTION USING HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE AND PROMALIN

J.E. Jackson

83. ARMOTHIN^®: A NEW CHEMICAL AGENT EFFICIENT FOR PEACH BLOSSOM THINNING

J. Lichou | M. Jay | L. Gonsolin | M.L. Massacrier | G. Du Fretay

84. THE INTERNATIONAL APPLE GROWTH STUDY

85. COMPARISON OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS OF ESTIMATING LEAF AREA IN APPLE TREE CANOPIES

Jens N. Wünsche | John W. Palmer

86. A METHODOLOGY FOR THE EXPLORATION OF FRUIT TREE STRUCTURES

E. Costes | C. Godin | Y. Guédon

87. VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN APPLE FRUITING BRANCHES – AN INVESTIGATION INTO VARIOUS CULTIVARS

P.E. Lauri | J.M. Lespinasse | E. Térouanne

88. WHAT KIND OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS SHOULD BE SOUGHT IN APPLE SEEDLING PROGENIES IN ORDER TO SELECT REGULAR BEARING CULTIVARS?

P.E. Lauri | J.M. Lespinasse | F. Laurens

89. A NEW IN VITRO METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING CELL-CELL RECOGNITION IN PEAR-QUINCE GRAFT INCOMPATIBILITY

S. Musacchi | M. Faust | J. Hartung | S. Sansavini

90. EFFECTS OF WARM AUTUMNS ON THE CROPPING OF PEAR

C.J. Atkinson | A.S. Lucas | L. Taylor

91. ‘DELICIOUS’ APPLE (MALUS) RESPONSES TO ROWCOVER MICROCLIMATE

D.M. Gatherum | J.L. Anderson | S.D. Seeley | J.W. Frisby

92. INTEGRATING CULTIVAR, ROOTSTOCK AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE EXPORT-DRIVEN SOUTH AFRICAN DECIDUOUS FRUIT INDUSTRY

M. Huysamer

93. THE EFFECT OF TOPOGRAPHICAL MODIFICATION OF HILLSIDE APPLE ORCHARDS ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL

M. Iancu | M. Negoita | I. Neamtu