Articles
STONELESS PLUMS – FROM LUTHER BURBANK TO THE PRESENT
Article number
985_8
Pages
71 – 75
Language
English
Abstract
At the beginning of the 20th century, legendary breeder Luther Burbank released the first of his stoneless plums Miracle. It and a subsequent release Conquest were not commercially successful and can no longer be found.
In a quest to understand stone formation, germplasm was obtained from California and Oregon that is likely related to Burbanks stoneless germplasm.
Our initial experiments suggested that this material is stoneless because fewer cells are present that would form the endocarp which is the tissue that hardens into the stone.
In a selection called Stoneless, an empty space around the seed is evident where the stone would normally be found.
Our observations confirmed Burbanks that in Stoneless the stone is not completely absent but contains at minimum a sliver of stone along the suture region that is part of the finiculus.
The amount of stone tissue appears to be related to climate and may vary between years from nearly stoneless to containing a complete, intact stone.
We have begun to analyze the differences in stone development just prior to pollination until about 10 days after pollination when we can observe differentiation of the endocarp.
Using techniques such as real-time PCR and RNA sequencing to measure gene expression we have identified a number of candidate genes that may be involved with stone development.
In a quest to understand stone formation, germplasm was obtained from California and Oregon that is likely related to Burbanks stoneless germplasm.
Our initial experiments suggested that this material is stoneless because fewer cells are present that would form the endocarp which is the tissue that hardens into the stone.
In a selection called Stoneless, an empty space around the seed is evident where the stone would normally be found.
Our observations confirmed Burbanks that in Stoneless the stone is not completely absent but contains at minimum a sliver of stone along the suture region that is part of the finiculus.
The amount of stone tissue appears to be related to climate and may vary between years from nearly stoneless to containing a complete, intact stone.
We have begun to analyze the differences in stone development just prior to pollination until about 10 days after pollination when we can observe differentiation of the endocarp.
Using techniques such as real-time PCR and RNA sequencing to measure gene expression we have identified a number of candidate genes that may be involved with stone development.
Authors
A.M. Callahan, C.D. Dardick, R. Scorza
Keywords
Prunus domestica, lignin, gene expression, breeding, genetic engineering
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