INCIDENCE OF CHARCOAL ROT, CAUSAL AGENT MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA, IN BIOSOLARIZED SOIL

Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is emerging as an important disease in strawberry production system that are transitioning to the application of methyl bromide alternatives.
In Huelva (southwestern Spain), this disease was first observed in May 2006. Symptoms consist of wilting of foliage, plant stunting, and drying and death of leaves.
Plants eventually collapse and die.
When symptomatic plant crowns are cut open, internal vascular and cortex tissues are dark brown to orange brown.
During 2010 and 2011 production seasons, we have evaluated several biosolarization treatments and their influence on Charcoal rot development and strawberry yield.
Trials were carried out in the experimental farm “El Cebollar” (Moguer, Huelva). Both seasons plant decay was first observed during April in untreated plots (control). During the first season, mortality reached 14% in untreated plots in last May, but biosolarization with chicken manure (both 25,000 or 12,500 kg/ha) and biosolarization with sugar beet vinasse (15,000 kg/ha) protected strawberry equally well (<2% mortality). During 2011, mortality reached 43% in untreated plots in last May and the up cited biosolarization treatments were highly effective in control charcoal rot.
Mortality in plots biofumigated with chicken manure at 25,000 or 12,500 kg/ha reached 2 and 15% mortality, respectively, whereas biofumigation with sugar beet vinasse reached 1% mortality.
Treatment with chicken manure at 25,000 kg/ha showed the highest yield.

VII International Strawberry Symposium

B. de los Santos, M. Chamorro, P. Domínguez, J.J. Medina-Mínguez, L. Miranda, C. Soria, M. Talavera, L. Velasco, J.M. López-Aranda, F. Romero

strawberry, soil disinfestation, non-chemical solutions, chicken manure, glycerin, vinasses, Brassica pellets

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1049.150