Articles
Periods of risk for the occurrence of the most common diseases and pests in Proteaceae in the Azores islands
Article number
1347_20
Pages
137 – 142
Language
English
Abstract
The Azores is an outermost archipelago situated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean where the production of proteas has been affirmed in the last two decades.
Currently, with about 2,6 million stems produced, it is one of the regions with the largest importance in Europe.
Due to the subtropical climate, with mild temperatures, high relative humidity and low sunlight, this region has characteristics very favorable to the development of diseases and pests of the proteas which, in certain periods of the year, occur intensely and difficult to control them.
Pests and diseases are a major factor in production losses, along with the occasional strong winds and heavy rainfall in the Region.
Over several years the periods of occurrence and their intensity of the main pests and diseases of the protea culture were observed.
This has allowed to define risk periods and to schedule them, creating a work base to define more efficient preventive phytosanitary control strategies.
The aim of this work was to create a risk calendar for the occurrence of diseases: Botrytis cinerea Pers, Colletotrichum sp., Mycosphaerella sp., Drechslera sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Alternaria sp., Elsinoe sp., Rosellinia necatrix and Armilaria mellea; and pests: mealybugs and scale insects (Planococcus citri Risso and Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni-Tozetti, Saissetia oleae Oliver and Diaspididae spp.), aphids (Aphis spiraecola Patch and Aphis fabae Scopoli), caterpillars (Mythimna unipuncta Haworth), japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), thrips (Heliothrips hemorrhoidalis Bouché) and weevil (Pantomorus cervinus Boheman).
Currently, with about 2,6 million stems produced, it is one of the regions with the largest importance in Europe.
Due to the subtropical climate, with mild temperatures, high relative humidity and low sunlight, this region has characteristics very favorable to the development of diseases and pests of the proteas which, in certain periods of the year, occur intensely and difficult to control them.
Pests and diseases are a major factor in production losses, along with the occasional strong winds and heavy rainfall in the Region.
Over several years the periods of occurrence and their intensity of the main pests and diseases of the protea culture were observed.
This has allowed to define risk periods and to schedule them, creating a work base to define more efficient preventive phytosanitary control strategies.
The aim of this work was to create a risk calendar for the occurrence of diseases: Botrytis cinerea Pers, Colletotrichum sp., Mycosphaerella sp., Drechslera sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Alternaria sp., Elsinoe sp., Rosellinia necatrix and Armilaria mellea; and pests: mealybugs and scale insects (Planococcus citri Risso and Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni-Tozetti, Saissetia oleae Oliver and Diaspididae spp.), aphids (Aphis spiraecola Patch and Aphis fabae Scopoli), caterpillars (Mythimna unipuncta Haworth), japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), thrips (Heliothrips hemorrhoidalis Bouché) and weevil (Pantomorus cervinus Boheman).
Publication
Authors
A. Domingues, L. Ornelas
Keywords
Proteaceae, pests, diseases, risk calendar
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