Articles
Effect of betel leaf extract as an eco-friendly green fungicide on the control of stem-end rot disease and overall quality retention of papaya (Carica papaya L.) during cold storage
Article number
1451_31
Pages
211 – 218
Language
English
Abstract
Stem-end rot is an important postharvest fungal disease in papaya fruit in Malaysia and is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae (synonym Lasiodiplodia theobromae). Betel leaves, Piper betle L., widely available in Malaysia and the Asian region, have been known for their antifungal and antimicrobial activities due to bioactive chemical constituents.
Concentrations of 6, 8, 10, and 12% of betel leaf propylene glycol extract (BLPG) and betel leaf ethanol extract (BLET) were tested for their antagonistic potential against B. theobromae. Maximum inhibition in radial mycelial growth of the pathogen of 98.48 and 93.67% was observed in 12% BLET and 12% BLPG, respectively, as compared to the control.
Maximum spore germination inhibition of 93.2% was observed in 12% BLET. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed morphological changes in fungal hyphae and fungal conidial spores and complete cell lysis, with 10 and 12% of betel leaf extract.
In vivo studies show that, percentages of disease incidence and disease severity of coated papaya, ‘Sekaki’ during 28 days of cold storage (10±2°C, 80% RH), is significantly low in coated fruits with betel leaf extract as compared to the control.
Assessment of weight loss, colour development, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and antioxidant level (ascorbic acid and lycopene content) of the fruits during cold storage at 10±2°C (RH 80%) period was initially conducted at regular intervals for 28 days.
Significant increase (p<0.05) in the SSC, TA and antioxidant amount of papaya was observed in response to the treatment with edible coating BLET and BLPG, along with delayed firmness loss.
In conclusion, betel leaf ethanolic extract can be fruitfully utilized as an eco-friendly “green fungicide” to reduce stem-end rot disease at 12% concentration and extend quality and shelf-life of papaya in cold storage, thus minimizing postharvest economic loss.
Concentrations of 6, 8, 10, and 12% of betel leaf propylene glycol extract (BLPG) and betel leaf ethanol extract (BLET) were tested for their antagonistic potential against B. theobromae. Maximum inhibition in radial mycelial growth of the pathogen of 98.48 and 93.67% was observed in 12% BLET and 12% BLPG, respectively, as compared to the control.
Maximum spore germination inhibition of 93.2% was observed in 12% BLET. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed morphological changes in fungal hyphae and fungal conidial spores and complete cell lysis, with 10 and 12% of betel leaf extract.
In vivo studies show that, percentages of disease incidence and disease severity of coated papaya, ‘Sekaki’ during 28 days of cold storage (10±2°C, 80% RH), is significantly low in coated fruits with betel leaf extract as compared to the control.
Assessment of weight loss, colour development, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and antioxidant level (ascorbic acid and lycopene content) of the fruits during cold storage at 10±2°C (RH 80%) period was initially conducted at regular intervals for 28 days.
Significant increase (p<0.05) in the SSC, TA and antioxidant amount of papaya was observed in response to the treatment with edible coating BLET and BLPG, along with delayed firmness loss.
In conclusion, betel leaf ethanolic extract can be fruitfully utilized as an eco-friendly “green fungicide” to reduce stem-end rot disease at 12% concentration and extend quality and shelf-life of papaya in cold storage, thus minimizing postharvest economic loss.
Authors
F.R. Shiraz, A. Ali
Keywords
Botryodiplodia theobromae, Piper betel, antimicrobial
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