Articles
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION ON THE YIELD AND THE NITROGEN BALANCE OF BROCCOLI (Brassica oleracea L. convar. Botrytis (L.) ALEF. var. Italica Plenck)
Article number
537_99
Pages
831 – 837
Language
Abstract
A long-term trial (1994 – 1998) studied the effect of different irrigation scheduling methods, combined with different amounts of nitrogen fertiliser, on yield and N-balance of broccoli plant and soil.
The randomised plots were irrigated with a computer-controlled moving irrigation machine.
The ‘Geisenheim Method’ of irrigation scheduling includes two steps – 1. Determining the amount of irrigation water for each irrigation, 2. Timing irrigation based on objective criteria.
The amount of irrigation water depended on soil parameters and the development of the rooting depth of the plants.
Single irrigation amount was increased according to the plant development from 10 mm up to 30 mm.
The irrigation scheduling was based on the use of daily climatic data on the basis of the FAO-24 Penman‘ equation.
The broccoli plants needed per year irrigation between 178 and 203 mm during five years for optimal plant development.
Depending on the content of nitrogen in the soil, the need of nitrogen fertiliser was determined between 173 and 311 kg N/ha.
N-fertiliser in particular may affect the environment when used not in accordance with the irrigation.
Optimum irrigation resulted in a plant weight (without roots) of about 100 t.ha-1 and a flower yield of more than 22 t.ha-1, respectively.
Recommendations for the irrigation scheduling with special attention to ecological aspects, based on the five-years study, were the following crop coefficients (kc): planting up to 8-leaves-stage: 0.5; up – to 14-leaves: 0.8; from 14-leaves to harvest: 1.4
The randomised plots were irrigated with a computer-controlled moving irrigation machine.
The ‘Geisenheim Method’ of irrigation scheduling includes two steps – 1. Determining the amount of irrigation water for each irrigation, 2. Timing irrigation based on objective criteria.
The amount of irrigation water depended on soil parameters and the development of the rooting depth of the plants.
Single irrigation amount was increased according to the plant development from 10 mm up to 30 mm.
The irrigation scheduling was based on the use of daily climatic data on the basis of the FAO-24 Penman‘ equation.
The broccoli plants needed per year irrigation between 178 and 203 mm during five years for optimal plant development.
Depending on the content of nitrogen in the soil, the need of nitrogen fertiliser was determined between 173 and 311 kg N/ha.
N-fertiliser in particular may affect the environment when used not in accordance with the irrigation.
Optimum irrigation resulted in a plant weight (without roots) of about 100 t.ha-1 and a flower yield of more than 22 t.ha-1, respectively.
Recommendations for the irrigation scheduling with special attention to ecological aspects, based on the five-years study, were the following crop coefficients (kc): planting up to 8-leaves-stage: 0.5; up – to 14-leaves: 0.8; from 14-leaves to harvest: 1.4
Authors
P.J. Paschold, K.H. Zengerle, J. Kleber
Keywords
Brassica oleracea, irrigation scheduling, climatic water balance, soil moisture, long-term trial.
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