Articles
COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS) LEAF AND ROOT EXTRACTS OBTAINED WITH LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE
Article number
677_9
Pages
71 – 77
Language
English
Abstract
Dried roots and leaves of celery were extracted with liquid carbon dioxide in the pilot plant scale equipment.
In total, 9 extractions of roots and 4 extractions of leaves were performed at ambient temperature and 60 bar pressure by using different operation cycle programs.
Extract yields were up to 1.6% both from roots and leaves.
Volatile compounds were hydrodistilled from the extracts in a Clevenger type apparatus and their composition was analysed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents in the oil of roots were limonene, carvone and 3n-butylphthalide.
The essential oil of leaves contained higher amount of limonene comparing to the roots, and very small amount of carvone.
Other differences in the volatile oil composition between roots and leaves also were observed.
The extracts were tested on the following microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia alvei, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. The antimicrobial effect was assessed using agar diffusion method by applying ethanolic solutions of extracts.
It was found that all the investigated leaf extracts were effective inhibitors of H. alvei, S. aureus, E. coli, Bac. cereus, E. faecalis and E. aerogenes, however the extracts isolated from the roots were less effective; all of them possessed high activity only against B. cereus and E. faecalis.
C. freundii and P. vulgaris were resistant against celery extracts isolated both from roots and leaves.
In total, 9 extractions of roots and 4 extractions of leaves were performed at ambient temperature and 60 bar pressure by using different operation cycle programs.
Extract yields were up to 1.6% both from roots and leaves.
Volatile compounds were hydrodistilled from the extracts in a Clevenger type apparatus and their composition was analysed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents in the oil of roots were limonene, carvone and 3n-butylphthalide.
The essential oil of leaves contained higher amount of limonene comparing to the roots, and very small amount of carvone.
Other differences in the volatile oil composition between roots and leaves also were observed.
The extracts were tested on the following microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia alvei, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. The antimicrobial effect was assessed using agar diffusion method by applying ethanolic solutions of extracts.
It was found that all the investigated leaf extracts were effective inhibitors of H. alvei, S. aureus, E. coli, Bac. cereus, E. faecalis and E. aerogenes, however the extracts isolated from the roots were less effective; all of them possessed high activity only against B. cereus and E. faecalis.
C. freundii and P. vulgaris were resistant against celery extracts isolated both from roots and leaves.
Publication
Authors
A. Sipailiene, P.R. Venskutonis, A. Sarkinas, V. Cypiene
Keywords
essential oil, extract yield, carvone, limonene, phthalides
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