Articles
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES OF PISTACIA SPP. AND PISTACHIO CULTIVARS IN THE WORLD
Article number
1028_43
Pages
265 – 271
Language
English
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is a member of Anacardiaceae family and consists of at least 11 species.
Among these species P. vera is the only cultivated and economically important species. Pistacia vera is native to north Afghanistan, northeast Iran and central Asian republics.
The largest concentration of Pistacia species is found in West Asia and in the Mediterranean region.
Except Pistacia vera, the other species of this genus are called wild.
The wild Pistacia species are widely distributed from the Eastern Mediterranean through the Southeast Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan to the whole area of northern and western Pakistan.
In these parts of the world wild pistachio, such as P. terebinthus, P. atlantica, P. khinjuk, etc. occur.
Pistachio trees were used as a forest tree in Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, etc.
These are suitable sources of germplasm.
Local cultivars have been selected in most areas and some of them may be important sources of germplasm.
The old and new cultivars selected from chance seedling populations were well adapted to the mild, wet winters and very dry, hot summers at medium elevations in the mountains of west-central Asia located in parts of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, etc.
The main producing countries have their own cultivars.
Especially in Iran, many cultivars were identified but there are some cultivars mainly grown by farmers.
The same system is also valid for Turkey and the USA. During the last decades new cultivars were raised and registrated in Turkey and the USA.
Among these species P. vera is the only cultivated and economically important species. Pistacia vera is native to north Afghanistan, northeast Iran and central Asian republics.
The largest concentration of Pistacia species is found in West Asia and in the Mediterranean region.
Except Pistacia vera, the other species of this genus are called wild.
The wild Pistacia species are widely distributed from the Eastern Mediterranean through the Southeast Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan to the whole area of northern and western Pakistan.
In these parts of the world wild pistachio, such as P. terebinthus, P. atlantica, P. khinjuk, etc. occur.
Pistachio trees were used as a forest tree in Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, etc.
These are suitable sources of germplasm.
Local cultivars have been selected in most areas and some of them may be important sources of germplasm.
The old and new cultivars selected from chance seedling populations were well adapted to the mild, wet winters and very dry, hot summers at medium elevations in the mountains of west-central Asia located in parts of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, etc.
The main producing countries have their own cultivars.
Especially in Iran, many cultivars were identified but there are some cultivars mainly grown by farmers.
The same system is also valid for Turkey and the USA. During the last decades new cultivars were raised and registrated in Turkey and the USA.
Authors
B.E. Ak
Keywords
Pistacia spp., pistachio, cultivars, genetic resources
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