Home > VIII International Workshop on Fire Blight > PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM – A TOOL FOR REDUCING SECONDARY FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION

Articles

PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM – A TOOL FOR REDUCING SECONDARY FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION

Article number

489_103

Pages

597 – 600

Language

Abstract

Apple trees are highly susceptible to fire blight when actively growing, but this period of susceptibility can be reduced to 1 to 2 weeks with a single high-rate application of the growth retardant prohexadione calcium (BAS 125W, Apogee). Prohexadione calcium inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellin.
Inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis results in an early cessation of growth and reduced risk of infection by Erwinia amylovora. Trees treated with 250 mg·L^-1 prohexadione calcium late in the bloom period were found to have a significantly lower incidence of secondary shoot blight than unsprayed trees.
Also, infections were suppressed on shoots inoculated 7 days after treatment with 250 mg.L^-1 prohexadione calcium.
Two applications of 125 mg.L^-1 prohexadione calcium were not as effective as one 250 mg·L^-1 application in suppressing infection or secondary spread.
Prohexadione calcium appears to offer a new and novel approach to fire blight control that does not involve the use of antibiotics.

Publication

VIII International Workshop on Fire Blight

Authors

W.G.D. Fernando, A.L. Jones

Keywords

Full text

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1999.489.103

Online Articles (121)

2. A SIMPLE AND QUICK WAY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVA

F. Yücel | K. Benlioglu | B. Çirakoglu

3. SPECIFIC DETECTION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA BY CHEMILUMINESCENT IMMUNOENZYMATIC DETERMINATION OF PCR PRODUCTS

4. STRAINS OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS FROM PLANTS: SEROLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ANTAGONISM TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

I. Pánková | B. Kokošková | V. Kudela

5. THE USE OF 16S AND 16S-23S RRNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS TO DETECT AND DIFFERENTIATE ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

R.S. Jeng | L. Beliaeva | M. Hubbes | A.M. Svircev | A.L. Myers

7. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA FROM AUSTRALIAN WOOD SAMPLES

S. Jock | W.-S. Kim | K. Geider | B. Rodoni | P. Merriman

8. THE DISTRIBUTION AND HOST RANGE OF THE FIRST SERIOUS OUTBREAK OF FIRE BLIGHT IN LEBANON

A.T. Saad | L. Hanna | O.J. Asly | E. Choueiri

9. THE OCCURRENCE AND CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT IN CROATIA

B. Cvjetkovic | E. Halupecki | J. Špoljaric

10. APPEARANCE, EXPANSION AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT (ERWINIA AMYLOVORA) IN ROMANIA

V. Severin | F. Constantinescu | F. Jianu

11. STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN ISRAEL AND OCCURRENCE OF FIRE BLIGHT IN PEAR ORCHARDS IN THE AUTUMN

12. A GEOPHYTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF FIRE BLIGHT IN A PEAR GROWING-AREA OF THE PO VALLEY (NORTHERN ITALY)

P. Battilani | G.L. Mazzoli | U. Mazzucchi

13. STATUS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN YUGOSLAVIA: DISTRIBUTION, IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

J. Balaz

14. NEW OCCURRENCES OF FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN IN YUGOSLAVIA FROM 1992–1997

G. Veljko | A. Momcilo | P. Milan | J. Gordana

15. OCCURENCE OF FIREBLIGHT IN PEAR TREES GROWN IN VAN AND AROUND

S. Öden

16. STUDIES ON FIRE BLIGHT (ERWINIA AMYLOVORA (BURR.) WINSLOW ET AL.) ON POME FRUIT TREES IN KONYA PROVINCE IN TURKEY

K.K. Bastas | Y.Z. Katircioglu

17. FIRE BLIGHT DETECTION AND CONTROL IN POLAND

P. Sobiczewski | J. Pulawska | S. Berczynski | M. Konicka

18. FIRE BLIGHT IN BULGARIA – CHARACTERISTICS OF E. AMYLOVORA ISOLATES

S. Bobev | P. Garbeva | C. Crepel | M. Maes | L. Hauben

19. CHARACTERIZATION OF TURKISH ISOLATES OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA (BURR.) WINSLOW ET AL.

K. Benlioglu | M. Özakman

20. SOME PATHOGENIC AND BACTERIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA STRAINS OF VARIOUS ORIGIN

V. Gavrilovic | M. Arsenijevic

21. EFFECT OF COOL STORAGE ON SURVIVAL OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN APPLE CALYXES

C.N. Hale | R.K. Taylor

22. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PRUNUS SPECIES TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

S.K. Mohan | V.P. Bijman

23. ANALYSIS OF THREE BACTERIAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM SYMPTOMATIC PLANTS IN AUSTRALIA

24. PCR-BASED STRATEGIES USED FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF TYPICAL STRAINS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

E.W. Brown | T. van der Zwet | R.M. Davis

25. RECENT SPREAD AND CURRENT WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE BLIGHT.

T. van der Zwet | W.G. Bonn

26. DETECTION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF FIRE BLIGHT, IN THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

27. A SEVERE UNFORESEEN OUTBREAK OF FIRE BLIGHT IN THE EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGION

A. Calzolari | F. Finelli | G.L. Mazzoli

28. OCCURRENCE AND SPREAD OF FIRE BLIGHT (ERWINIA AMYLOVORA) IN HUNGARY (1996–1998). MANAGEMENT OF THE DISEASE

J. Németh

29. FIRE BLIGHT IN SPAIN: SITUATION AND MONITORING

30. DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE BLIGHT (ERWINIA AMYLOVORA (BURRILL) WINSLOW ET AL.) DISEASE IN WESTERN ANATOLIA REGION IN TURKEY

S. Hepaksoy | A. Ünal | H.Z. Can | H. Saygili | H. Türküsay

31. DIFFERENTIATION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA STRAINS ISOLATED IN SOUTHERN EUROPE BY PFGE ANALYSIS

32. CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW ERWINIA SPECIES AFFECTING ASIAN PEAR TREES

33. SELECTION FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN PEAR SEEDLING POPULATIONS USING FIELD AND GREENHOUSE SCREENING WITH VIRULENT STRAINS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA.

D.M. Hunter | W.G. Bonn

34. FIRE BLIGHT OF POME FRUITS AND SEARCH FOR RESISTANT OR TOLERANT CULTIVARS IN AMASYA AND TOKAT REGIONS IN TURKEY

A. Çitir | M. Mirik

35. FIELD SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FIRE BLIGHT OF POME FRUITS IN BULGARIA

S. Bobev | T. Deckers

36. INVESTIGATION ON DETERMINING SOME PEAR VARIETIES RESISTANT TO FIRE BLIGHT (ERWINIA AMYLOVORA (BURRILL) WINSLOW ET AL.)

H. Saygili | H. Türküsay | S. Hepaksoy | A. Ünal | H.Z. Can

37. FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE AND HORTICULTURAL EVALUATION OF WILD MALUS POPULATIONS FROM CENTRAL ASIA

M.T. Momol | H.S. Aldwinckle | P.L. Forsline | W.F. Lamboy

38. THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS AND CULTIVARS TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

James W. Travis | Jo L. Rytter | K. D. Hickey

39. EXPRESSION OF SB-37 GENE IN TRANSGENIC PEARS ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT

J.P. Reynoird | F. Mourgues | E. Chevreau | M.N. Brisset | H.S. Aldwinckle

40. FIRST EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENCES IN FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE AMONG TRANSGENIC PEAR CLONES EXPRESSING ATTACIN E GENE

J.P. Reynoird | F. Mourgues | E. Chevreau | M.N. Brisset

41. EVALUATION OF THE HRPN GENE FOR INCREASING RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT IN TRANSGENIC APPLE

A.M. Abdul-Kader | J.L. Norelli | H.S. Aldwinckle | D.W. Bauer | S.V. Beer

42. ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF CECROPINS ON ERWINIA AMYLOVORA/PEAR CELLS INTERACTION/A PRELIMINARY STUDY

F. Mourgues | E. Chevreau | M.N. Brisset

43. TRANSFORMATION OF APPLE CULTIVARS WITH T4-LYSOZYME-GENE TO INCREASE FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE

V. Hanke | K. Düring | John L. Norelli | Herb S. Aldwinckle

44. EFFECT OF MULTIPLE TRANSGENES ON RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT OF ‘GALAXY’ APPLE

45. TRANSFORMATION OF AUTHENTIC M.26 APPLE ROOTSTOCK FOR ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT

E.E. Borejsza-Wysocka | J.L. Norelli | H.S. Aldwinckle | K. Ko

46. ISOLATION OF ATTACIN E PROTEIN FROM AN ESCHERICHIA COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR AND PRODUCTION OF ITS ANTIBODY FOR USE IN IMMUNOASSAYS

K. Ko | S.K. Brown | J.L. Norelli | H.S. Aldwinckle

47. EVALUATION OF THE CORE SUBSET OF THE USDA APPLE GERMPLASM COLLECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT

H.S. Aldwinckle | H.L. Gustafson | P.L. Forsline

48. EFFECT OF CECROPIN-LIKE TRANSGENES ON FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF APPLE

Jay L. Norelli | JoAnn Z. Mills | M. Timur Momol | H. Aldwinckle

49. RESULTS ON FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN THE PILLNITZ APPLE BREEDING PROGRAMME

C. Fischer | K. Richter

50. ORCHARD PERFORMANCE OF FIRE BLIGHT-RESISTANT GENEVA APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

51. GENETIC TRANSFORMATION FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN APPLE

52. GENE TRANSFER FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN PEAR

E. Chevreau | F. Mourgues | J.P. Reynoird | M.N. Brisset

53. NEW APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS RESISTANT TO FIRE BLIGHT

D.W. Bauer | E.R. Garr | S.V. Beer | J.L. Norelli | H.S. Aldwinckle

54. BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CAPSULAR EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES FROM ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND ERWINIA STEWARTH

55. THE HRP PILUS AND EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

56. THERMOREGULATION OF VIRULENCE GENE EXPRESSION IN THE FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

C. Goyer | M. Ullrich

57. DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN PEAR CULTIVARS RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

Y. Evrenosoglu | A. Misirli | R. Gülcan

58. DEFENCE REACTION OF APPLE AGAINST FIRE BLIGHT: HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES

59. TYPING OF THE EPS COAT OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA STRAINS IN RELATION TO THEIR PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

60. ACTIVITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES DURING ERWINIA AMYLOVORA – PLANT INTERACTIONS

M. Keck | M. Riedle-Bauer

61. DETECTION OF HRP-SECRETED PROTEINS IN STRAIN CFBP1430 OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

S. Gaudriault | M.-A. Barny

62. EXPRESSION OF VIRULENCE FACTORS SECRETED BY ERWINIA AMYLOVORA.

K. Geider | Y. Zhang | H. Ullrich | C. Langlotz

63. HRP SECRETED PROTEINS: THEIR ROLE IN PATHOGENICITY AND HR ELICITATION

M.-A. Barny | S. Gaudriault | M.-N. Brisset | J.-P. Paulin

64. EFFECTS OF PROHEXADIONE-CA ON THE FLAVONOID METABOLISM OF APPLE WITH RESPECT TO PLANT RESISTANCE AGAINST FIRE BLIGHT

S. Roemmelt | D. Treutter | J.B. Speakman | W. Rademacher

65. MIGRATION AND GENE REGULATION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN HOST PLANTS ASSAYED WITH THE GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN

J. Bogs | K. Geider

66. SECRETED ENIGMATIC PROTEINS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA – FOR GOOD AND EVIL

67. TWO YEARS EXPERIENCES IN FORECASTING FIRE BLIGHT IN HUNGARY

A.N. Kovács | J. Németh

68. DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MANAGEMENT OF FIRE BLIGHT IN PEARS

69. FIRE BLIGHT CONTROL WITH STREPTOMYCIN ACCORDING TO PREDICTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTH-WEST GERMANY

E. Moltmann

70. FIRE BLIGHT RISK ASSESSMENT: BILLING’S INTEGRATED SYSTEM (BIS) AND ITS EVALUATION

E. Billing

71. FIREWORK – A WINDOWS-BASED COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PREDICTION OF FIRE BLIGHT ON APPLES

S.C. Gouk | M. Spink | M.R. Laurenson

72. STUDIES ON THE CONTROL POSSIBILITIES OF FIRE BLIGHT BY BILLING’S REVISED SYSTEM IN THE EAST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY

S. Tokgönül | Ö. Çinar

73. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT PREDICTION SYSTEMS FOR BLOSSOM BLIGHT RISK ASSESSMENT ON PEAR AND APPLE IN AEGEAN REGION OF TURKEY

G. Demir | N. Üstün

74. REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF COUGARBLIGHT 98C- A SITUATION-SPECIFIC FIRE BLIGHT RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR APPLE AND PEAR.

T.J. Smith

75. COMPARISON OF MODELS TO PREDICT THE OCCURRENCE OF FIRE BLIGHT IN THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA.

B.A. Holtz | B. Teviotdale | T. Turini

76. FIFTEEN YEAR SUMMARY OF THE EFFICACY OF THE MARYBLYT PREDICTION SYSTEM ON APPLE IN WEST VIRGINIA (1984 – 1998)

G.W. Lightner | T. van der Zwet | P.W. Steiner

77. FIRST RECORDING OF AUTUMNAL SHOOT BLIGHT ON APPLE IN WEST VIRGINIA

T. van der Zwet | S.S. Miller | G.W. Lightner

78. THE PRESENCE OF ENDOPHYTIC ERWINIA AMYLOVORA BACTERIA IN SYMPTOMLESS APPLE TISSUE ON ORCHARD TREES

K.D. Hickey | N. Orolaza-Halbrendt | T. van der Zwet

79. RAPID EPIPHYTIC COLONIZATION OF APPLE FLOWERS AND THE ROLE OF INSECTS AND RAIN

S.V. Thomson | A.C. Wagner | S.C. Gouk

80. A STUDY ON EPIPHYTIC POPULATION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ON PEAR TREES

M. Özakman | S. Maden

81. FIRE BLIGHT ON APPLE: EFFECTS OF WIND AND RAIN IN DEVELOPMENT OF TRAUMA BLIGHT

D.I. Breth | A. Bentley | M.T. Momol | R.C. Seem | H.S. Aldwinckle

82. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE LENGTH OF THE INCUBATION PERIOD OF FIRE BLIGHT ON APPLE, PEAR AND HAWTHORN

X.-M. Xu | E. Billing

83. DETERMINING FACTORS REDUCING THE HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FRUIT TREES FOR FIRE BLIGHT INFECTIONS

T. Deckers | E. Daemen

84. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT FIREBLIGHT PREDICTION SYSTEMS UNDER GREEK CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

J. Tsiantos | P.G. Psallidas

85. ETIOLOGY AND CONTROL MEASURES OF FIRE BLIGHT IN LOQUAT

Z. Miriam | M. Shula | K. Frieda

86. LEAF SURFACE BACTERIAL POPULATION OF FIVE DIFFERENT FIRE BLIGHT HOSTS

P. Persson

87. INTERNAL MOVEMENT OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA FROM INFECTION IN THE SCION AND ECONOMIC LOSS ESTIMATES DUE TO THE ROOTSTOCK PHASE OF FIRE BLIGHT OF APPLE

M.T. Momol | J.L. Norelli | H.S. Aldwinckle | D.I. Breth

88. EFFECT OF PRUNING AND OTHER ORCHARD FACTORS ON THE ROOTSTOCK PHASE OF FIRE BLIGHT

J.L. Norelli | M.T. Momol | H.S. Aldwinckle | A. DeMarree

89. DETECTION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA CELLS IN APPLE SHOOTS

K. Richter

90. TRANSIENT POPULATIONS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ON LEAVES IN ORCHARDS AND NURSERIES

S.V. Thomson | S.C. Gouk

91. WATER RELATIONS AND INFECTION BY ERWINIA AMYLOVORA BASED ON CRAB APPLE BLOSSOM MODEL

P.L. Pusey

92. INFLUENCE OF AGE OF APPLE FLOWERS ON GROWTH OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

S.C. Gouk | S.V. Thomson

93. SECONDARY SPREAD BY ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA AMONG PEAR AND APPLE BLOSSOMS

K.B. Johnson | V.O. Stockwell

94. AUTOMATED WEATHER AND FIRE BLIGHT MODEL DELIVERY TO GROWERS

J.W. Travis | C.E. Felland | K.D. Hickey | D. Truxall | J. Russo

95. NOURSEOTHRICIN – A NEW AGENT FOR CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT

96. BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, CULTURAL CONTROL METHODS AND DETERMINATION RESISTANT CULTIVARS TO FIRE BLIGHT IN PEAR ORCHARDS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRENEAN REGION OF TURKEY

Y. Aysan | Ö. Çinar | S. Tokgönül | A. Küden

97. EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS, SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE INDUCERS AND BACTERICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT ON APPLE BLOSSOM

M.T. Momol | J.L. Norelli | H.S. Aldwinckle

98. ALTERNATIVE CONTROL MEASURES FOR BLOSSOM BLIGHT IN COMMERCIAL APPLE AND PEAR ORCHARDS

D.I. Breth | A. Bentley | M.T. Momol | H.S. Aldwinckle

99. FRUIT RUSSETTING AND TREE TOXICITY SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH COPPER TREATMENTS OF GRANNY SMITH APPLE TREES (MALUS SYLVESTRIS MILL.)

B.L. Teviotdale | M. Viveros

100. CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT IN PEARS BY IN-SITU FLAMATION OF BLIGHTED SHOOTS AND BLOSSOMS

M. Reuveni | S. Elbaz | S. Manulis

101. CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT WITH PLANT EXTRACTS BASED ON RESISTANCE INDUCTION

J. Mosch | W. Zeller

102. INDUCED RESISTANCE IN APPLE AND PEAR SEEDLINGS TO FIRE BLIGHT BY BION® AND CORRELATION WITH SOME DEFENSE-RELATED ENZYMES.

S.V. Thomson | M.N. Brisset | R. Chartier | J.P. Paulin

103. EFFICACY OF BION® (ACTIGARD®) TO CONTROL FIRE BLIGHT IN PEAR AND APPLE ORCHARDS IN USA, NEW ZEALAND AND FRANCE

S.V. Thomson | S.C. Gouk | J.P. Paulin

104. PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM – A TOOL FOR REDUCING SECONDARY FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION

W.G.D. Fernando | A.L. Jones

105. THE EFFECT OF PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM, SAR INDUCERS AND CALCIUM ON THE CONTROL OF SHOOT BLIGHT CAUSED BY ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ON APPLE

M.T. Momol | J.D. Ugine | J.L. Norelli | H.S. Aldwinckle

106. BIOCONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT WITH BACTERIAL ANTAGONISTS

107. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL STUDIES ON FIRE BLIGHT CAUSED BY ERWINIA AMYLOVORA (BURR.) WINSLOW ET AL.

G. Ülke | Ö. Çinar

108. HONEY BEES TO DISTRIBUTE BENEFICIAL BACTERIA TO APPLE AND ASIAN PEAR FLOWERS.

J.L. Vanneste | D.A. Cornish | M.D. Voyle | H.M. Haine | R.M. Goodwin

109. ISOLATION OF AN EPIPHYTIC BACTERIUM ANTAGONISTIC TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

M. Hevesi | K. El-Arabi

110. FIRE BLIGHT CONTROL IN APPLE USING PRODUCTS BASED ON MINERAL POWDERS

S. Roemmelt | J. Plagge | D. Treutter | W. Zeller

111. REMOVAL OF OFF-SEASON FLOWERS IN ORDER TO AVOID E. AMYLOVORA INFECTION IN PEARS

M. Zilberstaine | Z. Herzog | Y. Doron

112. USE OF AGRY-GENT (GENTAMICIN SULFATE) AS A CONTROL MATERIAL FOR FIRE BLIGHT OF APPLE IN THE U.S.

R.A. Spitko | M. Alvarado

113. DETECTION OF BACTERIAL MICROFLORA ANTAGONISTIC TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ON APPLE, PEAR AND QUINCE TREES

K. Benlioglu | O. Erdogan

114. PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HRP MUTANTS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AGAINST A VIRULENT STRAIN OF THE PATHOGEN: EXPRESSION IN SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND PRELIMINARY MECHANISTICS STUDIES

M. Faize | M. Tharaud | M.N. Brisset | J.P. Paulin

115. CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT WITH THE PLANT ACTIVATOR BION®

W. Zeller | V. Zeller

116. INFLUENCE OF RPOS ON COLONIZATION OF PEAR BLOSSOMS BY THE BACTERIAL ANTAGONIST PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS A506

V.O. Stockwell | M.J. Hagen | C.A. Whistler | J.E. Loper

117. BACTERIOPHAGE OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND THEIR POTENTIAL FOR BIOCONTROL

E.L. Schnabel | W.G.D. Fernando | M.P. Meyer | A.L. Jones | L.E. Jackson

118. LABORATORY AND FIELD TRIALS WITH SELECTED MICROORGANISMS AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS FOR FIRE BLIGHT

P.L. Pusey

119. STUDIES ON DETERMINATION OF ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL AND BIOPREPARATION OF SOME BACTERIA AGAINST THE FIREBLIGHT PATHOGEN

H. Özaktan | T. Bora | S. Sukan | S. Sargin | F. Vardar Sukan

120. DESIGNING A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT: EXPRESSION OF A NEW PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC GENE IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND OF THE HARPIN GENE IN ERWINIA HERBICOLA

J.L. Vanneste | J. Yu | D.A. Cornish | M.D. Voyle | M. Melbourne

121. GENETIC BASIS OF STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN PATHOGENIC AND EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN NEW ZEALAND

J.L. Vanneste | M.D. Voyle