Articles
RESPIRATION ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT ABOVE-GROUND ORGANS OF VITIS VINIFERA L. IN RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
Article number
689_16
Pages
159 – 166
Language
English
Abstract
The response of respiration rate (R) to changes in temperature (T) for attached leaves, stems, clusters and old wood (2- to 3-years-old) was measured at four stages of development (3 weeks after budbreak, anthesis, veraison and ripening). Four-year-old potted Sangiovese vines grafted onto Kober 5BB were subjected to step-wise increases in temperature in a 12 m3 climate controlled chamber.
The temperature was increased from 10 to 35°C in 5°C increments.
The coefficients a and k describing the exponential response of R to T (R = a e(k T)) were calculated at each developmental stage for above-ground vine organs.
At each developmental stage, the daily R for field-grown vines (same cultivar and rootstock) was obtained by calculating R using the a and k coefficients determined on potted vines and average air temperature for each vine organ.
Daily R was computed as the summation of leaf, stem, cluster and old wood R.
In all vine organs the R rates increased with temperature and, except for old wood, decreased with aging.
The Arrhenius equation well described the R-response to T in all above ground vine organs, with R2 values greater than 0.81. In all developmental stages examined the leaves were the organ with higher R activity, with 50, 67, 74 and 44% of total vine above-ground R at 3 weeks after budbreak, anthesis, veraison and ripening, respectively.
During the first part of the growing season, the stems were strong sinks, responsible for about 43 and 23% of vine daily R at 3 weeks after budbreak and flowering, respectively; afterwards they became weak sinks.
At veraison and ripening the clusters were above-ground organs with high R activity (i.e. 13% of total R at veraison and 37% at ripening). Respiratory costs, equal to about 20 and 33 g CO2 vine-1 d-1 found at anthesis and verasion, respectively, exert a great influence on daily CO2 balance and may becomes critical for yield, grape quality and reserves reconstitution.
The temperature was increased from 10 to 35°C in 5°C increments.
The coefficients a and k describing the exponential response of R to T (R = a e(k T)) were calculated at each developmental stage for above-ground vine organs.
At each developmental stage, the daily R for field-grown vines (same cultivar and rootstock) was obtained by calculating R using the a and k coefficients determined on potted vines and average air temperature for each vine organ.
Daily R was computed as the summation of leaf, stem, cluster and old wood R.
In all vine organs the R rates increased with temperature and, except for old wood, decreased with aging.
The Arrhenius equation well described the R-response to T in all above ground vine organs, with R2 values greater than 0.81. In all developmental stages examined the leaves were the organ with higher R activity, with 50, 67, 74 and 44% of total vine above-ground R at 3 weeks after budbreak, anthesis, veraison and ripening, respectively.
During the first part of the growing season, the stems were strong sinks, responsible for about 43 and 23% of vine daily R at 3 weeks after budbreak and flowering, respectively; afterwards they became weak sinks.
At veraison and ripening the clusters were above-ground organs with high R activity (i.e. 13% of total R at veraison and 37% at ripening). Respiratory costs, equal to about 20 and 33 g CO2 vine-1 d-1 found at anthesis and verasion, respectively, exert a great influence on daily CO2 balance and may becomes critical for yield, grape quality and reserves reconstitution.
Authors
A. Palliotti, A. Cartechini, O. Silvestroni, S. Mattioli
Keywords
respiration coefficients, vine organs, anthesis, veraison, energy requirement
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