Articles
ORGANOGENESIS IN SINGLE AND DOUBLE BUDDED ALMONDS
Article number
912_4
Pages
53 – 58
Language
English
Abstract
This research was carried out in order to investigate flower formation process, flower induction time and flower bud morphological development stages in two almond cultivars: Single Buds (one flower bud) Ps genotype and Double Buds (two flower buds into one flower bud) Supernova cultivar.
For this purpose, sampling from buds was done before flower induction and vegetative meristem induction to flowering at the next year.
Buds were collected every 10 days from 10 years old trees of Kamal_Abad horticultural research Station in Karaj.
Samples were stored in FAA fixture (Formalin- Acetic- Acid- Alcohol) in order to use for the next microscopic cutting preparation.
For complete study of meristem and tissue structure of almond buds, samples were cut to 6 micron thickness with a microtome.
Results showed that flower induction (flattening of doming meristem), formation of sepal primordia, petal primordia, stamen primordia and pistil primordia were done in different times with diverse biological ways in these two varieties of almond.
Results indicated differences in the beginning of floral differentiation between cultivars.
In Single Bud genotype “Ps” flower induction occurred in beginning of August while in Double Buds cultivar Supernova it occurred at the end of August.
Sepal primordia were stimulated in Single Bud genotype and Double Buds cultivars in middle August and beginning of October respectively.
Before petal shaping in Supernova (Double bud cultivar), two flower buds in one flower bud were shaping.
In the rest of study, two flower organs in one flower were seen and both of them were shaped like single buds.
Petal primordia induced at end of August and beginning of October in Single Bud genotype and Double Buds cultivar respectively.
Stamen primordia induction took place in the middle of September and middle of November while pistil primordia were evident at the end of September and end of November 2007 corresponding.
Anthesis was observed in Single Bud genotype and Double Buds cultivar at the first of March and end of April 2008 respectively.
For this purpose, sampling from buds was done before flower induction and vegetative meristem induction to flowering at the next year.
Buds were collected every 10 days from 10 years old trees of Kamal_Abad horticultural research Station in Karaj.
Samples were stored in FAA fixture (Formalin- Acetic- Acid- Alcohol) in order to use for the next microscopic cutting preparation.
For complete study of meristem and tissue structure of almond buds, samples were cut to 6 micron thickness with a microtome.
Results showed that flower induction (flattening of doming meristem), formation of sepal primordia, petal primordia, stamen primordia and pistil primordia were done in different times with diverse biological ways in these two varieties of almond.
Results indicated differences in the beginning of floral differentiation between cultivars.
In Single Bud genotype “Ps” flower induction occurred in beginning of August while in Double Buds cultivar Supernova it occurred at the end of August.
Sepal primordia were stimulated in Single Bud genotype and Double Buds cultivars in middle August and beginning of October respectively.
Before petal shaping in Supernova (Double bud cultivar), two flower buds in one flower bud were shaping.
In the rest of study, two flower organs in one flower were seen and both of them were shaped like single buds.
Petal primordia induced at end of August and beginning of October in Single Bud genotype and Double Buds cultivar respectively.
Stamen primordia induction took place in the middle of September and middle of November while pistil primordia were evident at the end of September and end of November 2007 corresponding.
Anthesis was observed in Single Bud genotype and Double Buds cultivar at the first of March and end of April 2008 respectively.
Authors
S. Mofakhami, A. Imani , A. Talaei
Keywords
organogenesis, almond, flower bud induction, differentiation
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