Articles
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF WILD AND GARDEN TULIPS USING SEQUENCES OF CHLOROPLAST DNA
Article number
953_14
Pages
103 – 110
Language
English
Abstract
Coding regions of trnL and matK and intergenic spacer (IGS) region of trnT-L in chloroplast were sequenced to analyze phylogenetic relationship of the genus Tulipa, including 27 cultivars, and 32 species tulips, by using Amana edulis as an outgroup. 12 variable sites out of 421 base pairs (bps) in the trnL, 19 variable sites out of 834 bps in the matK, and 62 variable sites out of 733 bps in the trnT-L are detected, indicating that the trnL has evolved more slowly and less informative for the classification.
Five types of the sequences were identified in the trnL, 14 types in the matK and 20 types in the trnT-L IGS. The obtained results were summarized as follows. Clusianae subsection can be distinguished from Leiostemones and Eriostemones sections.
Although T. praestans and T. tubergeniana are included in Eichleres section in the traditional classification, the two species are not sister relationships with Eichleres section in molecular phylogeny. Eichleres subsection except for T. praestans and T. tubergeniana is monophyletic and closely related to the species of Tulipa section.
The garden tulips were divided the three groups.
Group A included T. tubergeniana, T. schrenkii and Duc van Tol tulips including Keizerskroon, indicating that T. schrenkii is contributed to the production of Duc van Tol tulips.
Group C included 10 cultivars such as Faust and Zulu which were recorded in the 19th century, indicating that cultivars included in Group C originated from a very old common progenitor of the ancestral cultivar and species.
B group included 13 cultivars of T. gesneriana, T. acuminata, T. marjoretti and T. praecox, supporting a hypothesis that T. acuminate and T. marjoretti contributed to develop garden tulips.
Our present data, while very informative, could not identify what species contributes to the large variability of late flowering tulips such as Darwin and Cottage.
Five types of the sequences were identified in the trnL, 14 types in the matK and 20 types in the trnT-L IGS. The obtained results were summarized as follows. Clusianae subsection can be distinguished from Leiostemones and Eriostemones sections.
Although T. praestans and T. tubergeniana are included in Eichleres section in the traditional classification, the two species are not sister relationships with Eichleres section in molecular phylogeny. Eichleres subsection except for T. praestans and T. tubergeniana is monophyletic and closely related to the species of Tulipa section.
The garden tulips were divided the three groups.
Group A included T. tubergeniana, T. schrenkii and Duc van Tol tulips including Keizerskroon, indicating that T. schrenkii is contributed to the production of Duc van Tol tulips.
Group C included 10 cultivars such as Faust and Zulu which were recorded in the 19th century, indicating that cultivars included in Group C originated from a very old common progenitor of the ancestral cultivar and species.
B group included 13 cultivars of T. gesneriana, T. acuminata, T. marjoretti and T. praecox, supporting a hypothesis that T. acuminate and T. marjoretti contributed to develop garden tulips.
Our present data, while very informative, could not identify what species contributes to the large variability of late flowering tulips such as Darwin and Cottage.
Publication
Authors
R. Yanagisawa, T. Kuhara, T. Nishikawa, D. Sochacki, A. Marasek-Ciolakowska, K. Okazaki
Keywords
cultivar origin, matK, molecular phylogeny, trnL, trnT-L, Tulipa
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