Articles
Changing the perspective of apple culture in Brazil with the Geneva® series rootstocks
Article number
1346_79
Pages
633 – 640
Language
English
Abstract
Among the rootstock improvement programs for apple trees, Geneva® is the most active globally, producing several rootstocks that vary in vigor, precocity, and resistance to diseases but have never been tested for warmer regions like Brazil.
Since 2011 Udesc has been evaluating the Geneva® series rootstocks.
The G.213 rootstock, which never continued planting in US, has shown very promising results in terms of productivity in Brazil. G.213, G.202, G.757 and G.814 were tested, comparing them with the traditional ones used, such as M.9 and Marubakaido with M.9 interstem (Maruba/M.9), in virgin soil and replanting areas on Maxi Gala and Fuji Suprema. G.213 produces 43% more in combination with Fuji in replanting conditions than M.9 and 34% more when grafted with Gala. The levels of hormones present in the tree were evaluated, G.213 has higher levels of Zeatin (Z), trans Zeatin-Ribose (t-ZR), and lower abscisic acid (ABA). In combinations with Gala and under low winter cold conditions, G.213 presented a sprouting around 70%, compared to a value of 23% obtained with M.9. G.814 and G.213 provided the highest cumulated yield for Gala. In 2016, G.41, G.210, G.935, and G.969 were introduced, with slightly different behavior under Brazilian conditions regarding the vigor proposed for them in the US. With the introduction of Geneva® series rootstock, there was a change in the propagation technique utilized in Brazil.
Agromillora using in vitro propagation is providing better tree quality and has produced more than 3 million Geneva® rootstocks, 2 million of which are G.213. Geneva® rootstocks are good options for Brazilian fruit growers due to their adaptability to replanting soils, Brazils climate and production stability, with more constant yield and less alternate bearing.
Since 2011 Udesc has been evaluating the Geneva® series rootstocks.
The G.213 rootstock, which never continued planting in US, has shown very promising results in terms of productivity in Brazil. G.213, G.202, G.757 and G.814 were tested, comparing them with the traditional ones used, such as M.9 and Marubakaido with M.9 interstem (Maruba/M.9), in virgin soil and replanting areas on Maxi Gala and Fuji Suprema. G.213 produces 43% more in combination with Fuji in replanting conditions than M.9 and 34% more when grafted with Gala. The levels of hormones present in the tree were evaluated, G.213 has higher levels of Zeatin (Z), trans Zeatin-Ribose (t-ZR), and lower abscisic acid (ABA). In combinations with Gala and under low winter cold conditions, G.213 presented a sprouting around 70%, compared to a value of 23% obtained with M.9. G.814 and G.213 provided the highest cumulated yield for Gala. In 2016, G.41, G.210, G.935, and G.969 were introduced, with slightly different behavior under Brazilian conditions regarding the vigor proposed for them in the US. With the introduction of Geneva® series rootstock, there was a change in the propagation technique utilized in Brazil.
Agromillora using in vitro propagation is providing better tree quality and has produced more than 3 million Geneva® rootstocks, 2 million of which are G.213. Geneva® rootstocks are good options for Brazilian fruit growers due to their adaptability to replanting soils, Brazils climate and production stability, with more constant yield and less alternate bearing.
Publication
Authors
L. Rufato, A.R. Luz, D.P. Rufato, A.A Kretzschmar, T.A. de Macedo, P.S. da Silva, A. Bogo
Keywords
Malus × domestica Borkh, yield efficiency, cumulative production, replanting
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