Articles
Selection of sweet cherry, peach, and nectarine biotypes based on fruit quality indicators for the diversification of fruit tree collections
Article number
1458_22
Pages
171 – 178
Language
English
Abstract
Nowadays, sweet cherries, peaches, and nectarines are valued for their nutritional content, diverse flavors, culinary versatility, economic impact, and contribution to job creation and sustainable agriculture.
To create new cultivars adapted to environmental conditions, plant breeders need to identify and select biotypes resistant to limiting factors, with moderate or low vigor, early- or late-ripening, increased productivity, and superior fruit quality.
Additional characteristics of each studied species, such as natural fertility, the start and end of flowering, harvest maturity, and the duration of the vegetation period, should also be considered.
The present work analyzed 15 biotypes, five for sweet cherry, six for peach, and four for nectarine, to select promising biotypes that would increase the diversity of fruit tree collections and be used in breeding programs.
For sweet cherries, the determinations were made between 2018 and 2020 in a competition microculture at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing (RIFG), Pitești-Mărăcineni, Romania.
The sweet cherries under study are grafted onto mahaleb rootstock and planted in 2010. The peaches and nectarines analyzed were selections planted in 2014 at the Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG), Constanța, Romania, and observations were made between 2020 and 2022. The sweet cherry fruit quality indicators analyzed were average weight, caliber, pulp firmness, soluble solids, pH, acidity, and color.
Peach and nectarine fruit quality indicators analyzed included fruit size, skin and pulp color, consistency, juiciness, aroma and taste, pit size, ease of detachment from the pulp, dry matter content, and total acidity.
For cherries, the biotype ‘HC 7/34’ stands out for fruit quality, for nectarines, noteworthy biotypes are ‘HST R7P15’ and ‘V.T. R3P2’ with late fruit ripening, and for peach, the ‘V.T. R4P1’ biotype with medium fruit ripening showed promising fruit quality indicators.
To create new cultivars adapted to environmental conditions, plant breeders need to identify and select biotypes resistant to limiting factors, with moderate or low vigor, early- or late-ripening, increased productivity, and superior fruit quality.
Additional characteristics of each studied species, such as natural fertility, the start and end of flowering, harvest maturity, and the duration of the vegetation period, should also be considered.
The present work analyzed 15 biotypes, five for sweet cherry, six for peach, and four for nectarine, to select promising biotypes that would increase the diversity of fruit tree collections and be used in breeding programs.
For sweet cherries, the determinations were made between 2018 and 2020 in a competition microculture at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing (RIFG), Pitești-Mărăcineni, Romania.
The sweet cherries under study are grafted onto mahaleb rootstock and planted in 2010. The peaches and nectarines analyzed were selections planted in 2014 at the Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG), Constanța, Romania, and observations were made between 2020 and 2022. The sweet cherry fruit quality indicators analyzed were average weight, caliber, pulp firmness, soluble solids, pH, acidity, and color.
Peach and nectarine fruit quality indicators analyzed included fruit size, skin and pulp color, consistency, juiciness, aroma and taste, pit size, ease of detachment from the pulp, dry matter content, and total acidity.
For cherries, the biotype ‘HC 7/34’ stands out for fruit quality, for nectarines, noteworthy biotypes are ‘HST R7P15’ and ‘V.T. R3P2’ with late fruit ripening, and for peach, the ‘V.T. R4P1’ biotype with medium fruit ripening showed promising fruit quality indicators.
Authors
M. Iordăchescu, C. Gavăt, S. Nicolae, M. Chivu, G. Lămureanu, A. Stan
Keywords
P. avium, P. persica (L.). Batsch, hybrids, ripening time, fruit quality
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