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Articles

REFLECTIONS ON FIRE BLIGHT AND QUESTIONS

Article number

896_1

Pages

33 – 38

Language

English

Abstract

These are reflections of a bacteriologist who first saw fire blight in England more than 50 years ago but still retains a deep interest in the disease.
The account starts with some terminology questions and an early view of fire blight and its management in 1896. Problems still arising at various stages of the disease cycle are discussed, including those related to over-wintering cankers, blossom and shoot infections and stem invasion.
Advances have undoubtedly been made in some research areas, especially in the field of molecular biology, but uncertainties and divergent views persist.
Possible underlying reasons for these are suggested.
The reflections end with some questions.

Publication

XII International Workshop on Fire Blight

Authors

E. Billing

Keywords

apple, pear, cankers, blossoms, shoots, stems, migration

Full text

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.896.1

Online Articles (80)

1. REFLECTIONS ON FIRE BLIGHT AND QUESTIONS

E. Billing

2. EPPO’S FUTURE EMPHASIS: PREVENTION OR ERADICATION?

N. van Opstal

3. AN ANALYSIS OF THE ERWINIA AMYLOVORA PAN-GENOME IDENTIFIES NOVEL CHROMOSOMAL TARGETS FOR MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS

4. DETECTION OF PLANT-ASSOCIATED ERWINIA AND PANTOEA SPECIES BY MALDI-TOF MASS SPECTROSCOPY AND WITH NOVEL PCR PRIMERS

A. Wensing | M. Gernold | K. Geider | M. Ullrich

5. EMISSION OF VOLATILES DURING THE PATHOGENIC INTERACTION BETWEEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND MALUS DOMESTICA

6. IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA USING FATTY ACID ANALYSIS AND BIOLOG

7. DETECTION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN ORCHARDS USING QUANTITATIVE PCR AND LATERAL-FLOW IMMUNOGRAPHY

8. VOLATILE COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND THEIR POTENTIAL EXPLOITATION FOR BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION

9. DETECTION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA BY PCR WITH PRIMERS TO THE HRPN GENE

A.L. Lagonenko | V.Y. Lagonenko | Y.A. Nikolaichik | A.N. Evtushenkov

10. DIFFERENTIATION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND E. PYRIFOLIAE STRAINS WITH SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS AND BY SYNTHESIS OF DIHYDROPHENYLALANINE

I. Gehring | K. Geider | T. Rausch

11. ERWINIA AMYLOVORA CRISPR ELEMENTS PROVIDE NEW TOOLS FOR EVALUATING DIVERSITY AND MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING

G.C. McGhee | G.W. Sundin

12. RECORD OF PAST ENCOUNTERS WITH PHAGES AND PLASMIDS DELIVERS NEW INSIGHTS ABOUT THE ORIGIN AND DISPERSAL OF FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

F. Rezzonico | T.H.M. Smits | B. Duffy

13. IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE NUMBER OF TANDEM REPEATS IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA GENOME

T. Dreo | M. Ravnikar | J.E. Frey | T.H.M. Smits | B. Duffy

14. MALDI-TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY AS A TOOL FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION AND CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF FIRE BLIGHT BIOCONTROL PANTOEA STRAINS AND THE GENUS PANTOEA

F. Rezzonico | B. Duffy | V. Pflüger | G. Vogel | M. Tonolla

15. PLASMID CONTENT OF ISOLATES OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA FROM ORCHARDS IN WASHINGTON AND OREGON IN THE USA

A.B. Carey | P.L. Pusey | T.J. Smith | J.E. Loper | V.O. Stockwell

16. SEARCH FOR PEI70 WITHIN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA STRAINS FROM BULGARIA

S.G. Bobev | M.M. López | P. Llop

17. FIRE BLIGHT SPREAD IN BULGARIA AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

S.G. Bobev | J. van Vaerenbergh | R. Tahzima | M. Maes

18. GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BELARUSIAN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA STRAINS

A.L. Lagonenko | I.V. Kudzina | A.N. Evtushenkov

19. ATTACHMENT STRUCTURES CONTRIBUTE TO BIOFILM FORMATION AND XYLEM COLONIZATION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

J.M. Koczan | M.J. McGrath | B.R. Lenneman | G.W. Sundin

20. INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE BY SALICYLIC ACID AGAINST FIRE BLIGHT IN APPLE AND PEAR

Z. Ghahremani | H. Abdollahi

21. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RCSC SENSOR KINASE FROM ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND OTHER ENTEROBACTERIA

D.P. Wang | Y.F. Zhao | S.S. Korban

22. GENE EXPRESSION IN THE QUARANTINE PEST ERWINIA AMYLOVORA DURING APPLE FLOWER-INFECTION

E. Pester

23. EVOLUTION AND FUNCTION OF FLAGELLAR AND NON-FLAGELLAR TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEMS IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

Y.F. Zhao | M.S. Qi | D.P. Wang

24. THE HRPN PROTEIN OF THE PLANT PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA, WHICH PARTICIPATES TO TYPE III SECRETION TRANSLOCATION, TRIGGERS CALLOSE DEPOSITION ON APPLE LEAVES

25. REGULATORY GENES AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF AMYLOVORAN BIOSYNTHESIS IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

26. DELETION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA FLAGELLAR MOTOR PROTEIN GENES MOTAB ALTERS BIOFILM FORMATION AND VIRULENCE IN APPLE

J.M. Koczan | G.W. Sundin

27. TYPE VI SECRETION SYSTEMS IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA CFBP 1430

T. Kamber | T.H.M. Smits | B. Duffy

28. THE ROLE OF CHLOROPLASTS IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND HOST PLANTS

H. Abdollahi | Z. Ghahremani

29. INVESTIGATING THE VIRULENCE OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ISOLATES BY USING APPLE TISSUE CULTURE AND PEAR FRUIT

M. Hevesi | A. Végh | M. Tóth | E. Benczur | L. Palkovics

30. THE GENOME SEQUENCE OF PANTOEA VAGANS BIOCONTROL STRAIN C9-1

31. APPLE (MALUS × DOMESTICA) TRANSCRIPTOME IN RESPONSE TO THE COMPATIBLE PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND THE INCOMPATIBLE PATHOGEN PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE

32. FINE MAPPING OF FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE LOCUS IN MALUS × ROBUSTA 5 ON LINKAGE GROUP 3

33. TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF APPLE BLOSSOM AFTER CHALLENGING WITH FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA WILD TYPE AND MUTANT STRAINS

34. THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF DIVERSE SOD, APX AND CAT ISOFORMS IN PYRUS COMMUNIS ‘CONFERENCE’ AFTER INFECTION WITH ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

K. Vrancken | R. Valcke | H. Schoofs | T. Deckers

35. INSIGHTS INTO EVOLUTION FROM COMPARATIVE GENOMICS OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND RELATED SPECIES

36. MICROARRAY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HRPL REGULON OF THE FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

37. GENOME COMPARISON OF THE PATHOGENS ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND E. PYRIFOLIAE WITH THE FIRE BLIGHT ANTAGONISTS E. BILLINGIAE AND E. TASMANIENSIS

M. Kube | R. Reinhardt | K. Geider

38. EFFECT OF WETNESS ON BLOSSOM INFECTIONS BY ERWINIA AMYLOVORA – IMPACT ON FORECASTING MODELS

E. Moltmann | R. Herr

39. RECOVERY OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA VIABLE BUT NON-CULTURABLE CELLS IN PEAR PLANTLETS

R.D. Santander | J.F. Català-Senent | E.G. Biosca | E. Marco-Noales

40. FIRST OCCURRENCE OF FIRE BLIGHT ON APRICOT (PRUNUS ARMENIACA) IN CZECH REPUBLIC

J. Korba | J. Sillerova

41. SUMMER OUTBREAKS OF FIRE BLIGHT IN TREE NURSERIES IN SOUTH ALBERTA, CANADA

M. Lanthier

42. COLONIZATION OF PEAR PLANTLETS INOCULATED WITH ERWINIA AMYLOVORA BY SOIL IRRIGATION

R.D. Santander | J.F. Català-Senent | E.G. Biosca | M. Ordax | E. Marco-Noales

43. DESCRIPTION AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION OF RIMPRO-ERWINIA, A NEW MODEL FOR FIRE BLIGHT FORECAST

V. Philion | M. Trapman

44. SPREAD OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN APPLE AND PEAR TREES OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS AFTER ARTIFICIAL INOCULATION

U. Persen | R. Gottsberger | H. Reisenzein

45. COUGARBLIGHT 2010, A SIGNIFICANT UPDATE OF THE COUGARBLIGHT FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION RISK MODEL

T.J. Smith | P.L. Pusey

46. CORRELATION BETWEEN FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAR (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.)

H. Abdollahi | F. Tahzibi | Z. Ghahremani

47. CORRELATION OF VEGETATIVE TRAITS WITH FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN IRANIAN AND IMPORTED APPLE CULTIVARS

H. Hajnajari | S. Tarrahi | Z. Ghahremani

48. TESTING OF RESISTANCE OF PEAR CULTIVARS AFTER ARTIFICIAL INOCULATION WITH ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN FIELD CONDITIONS

J. Sillerova | J. Korba | F. Paprstein | J. Sedlak

49. INOCULATION OF MALUS × ROBUSTA 5 PROGENY WITH A STRAIN BREAKING RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT REVEALS A MINOR QTL ON LG5

A. Peil | H. Flachowsky | M.-V. Hanke | K. Richter | J. Rode

50. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BELARUSIAN APPLE AND PEAR CULTIVARS TO FIRE BLIGHT

51. FIRE BLIGHT GREENHOUSE-RESISTANCE ASSESSMENTS OF PEAR GENOTYPES ORIGINATING FROM DIFFERENT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

A.A. Przybyla | K.L. Bokszczanin | S. Odziemkowski | M. Schollenberger

52. QTLS FOR FIRE BLIGHT (ERWINIA AMYLOVORA) RESISTANCE IN PYRUS USSURIENSIS

K.L. Bokszczanin | A.A. Przybyla | L. Dondini | A. Palucha

53. DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO SYSTEM FOR TESTING OF POME FRUIT RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT

J. Sedlak | F. Paprstein | J. Korba | J. Sillerova

54. TESTING OF RESISTANCE TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN AN IN VITRO CULTURE ASSAY

F. Paprstein | J. Sedlak | J. Korba | J. Sillerova

55. BREEDING FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN APPLE

M. Kellerhals | L. Franck | I.O. Baumgartner | A. Patocchi | J.E. Frey

56. FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE FROM ‘EVERESTE’ AND MALUS SIEVERSII USED IN BREEDING FOR NEW HIGH QUALITY APPLE CULTIVARS: STRATEGIES AND RESULTS

I.O. Baumgartner | A. Patocchi | L. Franck | M. Kellerhals | G.A.L. Broggini

57. SELECTION FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF APPLE GENOTYPES ORIGINATING FROM EUROPEAN GENETIC RESOURCES AND BREEDING PROGRAMS

58. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS OF FIRE BLIGHT: SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES

J.L. Vanneste

59. PROPERTIES OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA PHAGES FROM NORTH AMERICA AND GERMANY AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE TO CONTROL FIRE BLIGHT

I. Müller | W. Jelkmann | K. Geider | R. Lurz

60. INTERACTION OF VIRAL AND BACTERIAL LYSOZYMES WITH ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND THEIR INHIBITION BY A BACTERIAL PROTEIN

K. Geider | B. Schneider | I. Müller

61. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS BIOCONTROL STRAIN E325 IN SWISS ORCHARDS

A. Braun-Kiewnick | A. Lehmann | T.H.M. Smits | B. Duffy | T. Dreo

62. DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES FOR FIRE BLIGHT CONTROL IN ORGANIC FRUIT GROWING

S. Kunz | A. Schmitt | P. Haug

63. ANTAGONISTIC INTERACTION BETWEEN THE BIOCONTROL AGENT BLIGHTBAN C9-1 AND THE PLANT DEFENSE ELICITOR ACTIGARD

V. Philion | V. Toussaint | A.M. Svircev | V.O. Stockwell

64. INTEGRATED CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT IN A PEAR ORCHARD IN TURKEY USING PROHEXADIONE-CA AND BACTERIAL ANTAGONISTS

H. Ozaktan | A. Akkopru | E. Aslan | K. Ilhan | T. Koltuksuz

65. BACTERIOPHAGES AS BIOPESTICIDES: ROLE OF BACTERIAL EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES

D.R. Roach | D. Sjaarda | A.J. Castle | A.M. Svircev

66. CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT BY BACTERIOPHAGES ON APPLE FLOWERS

I. Schwarczinger | E. Kiss | S. Süle | M. Tóth | M. Hevesi

67. EVIDENCE THAT ANTIBIOTIC OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS E325 IS PRODUCED AND ACTIVE AGAINST ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ON STIGMAS OF POMACEOUS BLOSSOMS

P.L. Pusey | V.O. Stockwell

68. SURVIVAL OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS E325 AS FIRE BLIGHT BIOCONTROL AGENT WHEN OSMOADAPTED IN HIGH-SALINE MEDIUM

P.L. Pusey | C. Wend

69. PSEUDOMONAS GRAMINIS AS A BIOCONTROL AGENT OF FIRE BLIGHT

A. Mikiciński | P. Sobiczewski | A. Jakubowska | J. Pulawska | S. Berczyński

70. EFFICACY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS ON THE GROWTH OF STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANT AND SENSITIVE ISOLATES OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

A.E. Tawfik | H.A. Shahin | F.M. Barakat | M.S. Mikhail

71. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND IMPACT OF STREPTOMYCIN USE ON ORCHARD BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES

72. PHENOLIC PROFILE AND PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN APPLE LEAVES AFTER ERWINIA AMYLOVORA INFECTION AND BTH TREATMENT

73. PHYTOTOXICITY ON APPLE FLOWERS OF COPPER FORMULATIONS APPLIED FOR THE CONTROL OF BLOSSOM BLIGHT

M. Lešnik | V. Kurnik | V. Gaberšek

74. STATUS OF FIRE BLIGHT (ERWINIA AMYLOVORA) DISEASE IN ROMANIA: DISTRIBUTION, PATHOGEN CHARACTERIZATION AND DISEASE CONTROL

75. EFFECT OF ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL AND RAHNELLA AQUATILIS (RA39) ON FIRE BLIGHT OF APPLE PLANTS

A.M.K. Abo-Elyousr | M.A.A. Sallam | W. Zeller

76. KASUMIN: FIELD RESULTS FOR FIRE BLIGHT MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR SPONTANEOUS RESISTANCE DEVELOPMENT IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

G.C. McGhee | G.W. Sundin

77. ESTIMATION OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS E325 STIGMA SURVIVAL DURING THINNING PROGRAMS USING DECISION ANALYSIS TOOLS

C. Wend

78. INDUCTION OF PLANT DEFENSE REACTIONS ON FRUIT TREES AS PART OF A FIRE BLIGHT CONTROL STRATEGY IN THE ORCHARD

T. Deckers | H. Schoofs | W. Verjans | R. Valcke | K. Vrancken

79. A MECHANISTIC INVESTIGATION INTO THE INHIBITION OF GROWTH AND BIOFILM FORMATION IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA BY NON-PROTEIN AMINO ACIDS

80. BIPHENYL AND DIBENZOFURAN FORMATION IN FIRE BLIGHT-INFECTED MALUS DOMESTICA CULTIVARS