Articles
Hot water treatment of apricot and plum budwood for the cleaning of European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma and plum pox virus
Article number
1450_33
Pages
257 – 262
Language
English
Abstract
Nurseries and genetic resources centers are facing serious challenges on mastering the overall health status of propagated material, especially for virus and phytoplasma vectorial diseases.
Among these, plum pox virus (PPV) and Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum associated with European stone fruit yellows have a very high impact, particularly on apricot and Asian plum (Prunus salicina Lindl. and hybrids) orchards.
The ThermoFruit project (2019-2021) assessed the feasibility of hot water treatment (HWT) for the elimination of different pathogens affecting fruit species.
Based on the heat sensitivity of pathogens (Panattoni et al., 2013) and on HWT carried on Vitis (Caudwell et al., 1997), the project targeted epidemic pathogens on fruit tree material including PPV and ‘Ca Pprunorum’ (Buchmann et al., 2016). Woody bud sticks from heathy and infected apricots and plums are used with pre- and post-acclimatization at room temperature.
Water dipping is carried out with laboratory water bath with temperatures from 40 to 60°C and various dipping times ranging from 15’ to 180’. Impact of the treatment on healthy fruit material is evaluated directly on plant tissue and on bud sprouting for several cultivars of apricot and plum.
Budwood from PPV and ‘Ca Pprunorum’ infected trees underwent the same protocol, and cuttings or grafted plants are monitored after treatment for at least one vegetative cycle.
The presence of the targeted pathogen is tested either with biological or laboratory tests.
The recovery rate of the grafted material after treatment shows differences on the heat sensitivity according to species.
Effective time and temperature associations for the elimination of PPV on plum and apricot material and of ‘Ca Pprunorum’ on Asian plum are identified.
The experiments conducted as a proof of concept shows the relevance of these control strategies and need to be completed before considering the application of the HWT on a larger scale within professional sectors.
Among these, plum pox virus (PPV) and Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum associated with European stone fruit yellows have a very high impact, particularly on apricot and Asian plum (Prunus salicina Lindl. and hybrids) orchards.
The ThermoFruit project (2019-2021) assessed the feasibility of hot water treatment (HWT) for the elimination of different pathogens affecting fruit species.
Based on the heat sensitivity of pathogens (Panattoni et al., 2013) and on HWT carried on Vitis (Caudwell et al., 1997), the project targeted epidemic pathogens on fruit tree material including PPV and ‘Ca Pprunorum’ (Buchmann et al., 2016). Woody bud sticks from heathy and infected apricots and plums are used with pre- and post-acclimatization at room temperature.
Water dipping is carried out with laboratory water bath with temperatures from 40 to 60°C and various dipping times ranging from 15’ to 180’. Impact of the treatment on healthy fruit material is evaluated directly on plant tissue and on bud sprouting for several cultivars of apricot and plum.
Budwood from PPV and ‘Ca Pprunorum’ infected trees underwent the same protocol, and cuttings or grafted plants are monitored after treatment for at least one vegetative cycle.
The presence of the targeted pathogen is tested either with biological or laboratory tests.
The recovery rate of the grafted material after treatment shows differences on the heat sensitivity according to species.
Effective time and temperature associations for the elimination of PPV on plum and apricot material and of ‘Ca Pprunorum’ on Asian plum are identified.
The experiments conducted as a proof of concept shows the relevance of these control strategies and need to be completed before considering the application of the HWT on a larger scale within professional sectors.
Publication
Authors
Y. Brans, M. Delmas, J. Leonetti, F. Latour, S. Chabanon-Dutemps, M.-P. Crouzet, J.-M. Audergon
Keywords
Prunus spp., sanitation, hot water treatment, thermal tissue susceptibility
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