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Articles

FREEZING POINT ESTIMATION OF KIWIFRUIT

Article number

444_34

Pages

229 – 232

Language

Abstract

Freeze damage of kiwifruit at temperatures close to 0°C is not easily recognized and the fruit does not show any clear symptoms except of a "wet" dark green appearance of the flesh which appears in different areas (seed or white core area). We followed the exotherm produced from the fruit using microthermometers put in the flesh as a very accurate way to find the freezing temperature of each fruit.
A waterbath was used to decrease the temperature at a rate of 2°C/hr and increase it 4°C/hr after keeping the fruit at the lowest temperature for an hour.
We did not find a clear relationship between soluble solids content of the fruit and freezing temperature.
Immature or mature freshly harvested fruit froze at temperatures below -1.7°C, while stored fruit at 0°C for almost 3 months froze at temperatures below -2.4°C.

Publication

III International Symposium on Kiwifruit

Authors

G.D. Nanos, A. Fourtouni, E. Kaltsoula, E.M. Sfakiotakis

Keywords

Full text

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.444.34

Online Articles (122)

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P. Berry

3. KIWIFRUIT RESEARCH IN A SUBTROPICAL AREA

4. KIWIFRUIT PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH IN GREECE

V. Kukuryiannis | M. Vasilakakis

5. PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH ON KIWIFRUIT IN FRANCE

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6. POTENTIAL AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF KIWIFRUIT INDUSTRY IN TURKEY

T. Yalçin | H. Samanci

7. A EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECT TO IMPROVE KIWIFRUIT ADAPTATION TO COLD CLIMATES USING CONVENTIONAL BREEDING METHODS AND BIOTECHNOLOGIES

8. PLOIDY IN ACTINIDIA

A.R. Ferguson | I.E.W. O'Brien | G.J. Yan

9. PROGRESS IN BREEDING HERMAPHRODITE KIWIFRUIT CULTIVARS AND UNDERSTANDING THE GENETICS OF SEX DETERMINATION

M.A. McNeilage

10. MOLECULAR INVESTIGATIONS INTO DIOECY IN ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS

Lena G. Fraser | C. F. Harvey | G. P. Gill

11. SEX DETERMINATION IN ACTINIDIA

C. F. Harvey | Lena G. Fraser | G. P. Gill

12. PEROXIDASE TEST: A TEST FOR SEX SCREENING IN KIWIFRUIT SEEDLINGS

13. MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO SYSTEMATICS OF ACTINIDIA

R. Testolin | G. Cipriani | A.R. Ferguson | R.C. Gardner

14. TYPING KIWIFRUIT CULTIVARS BY MEANS OF RAPD MARKERS

G. Cipriani | R. Di Bella | R. Testolin

15. FLOW CYTOMETRY AND RAPD MARKERS APPLIED TO PARENTAGE ANALYSIS WITHIN ACTINIDIA GENUS

J. Chat | P.Y. Dumoulin

16. SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF LATE FLOWERING POLLINIZERS IN ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA

R. Testolin | G. Cipriani | L. Gottardo | G. Costa

17. ISOLATION, CULTURE AND FUSION OF PROTOPLASTS IN ACTINIDIA SSP

X.G. Xiao | A.M. Hirsch

18. MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL MODIFICATIONS INDUCED BY IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF KIWIFRUIT PLANTS

D. Piccotino | R. Massai | B. Dichio | V. Nuzzo

19. IN VITRO REGENERATION OF DIFFERENT ACTINIDIA SPECIES

F. Famiani | N. Ferradini | A. Standardi | D. Hoza | F. Stanica

20. EFFECTS OF LIGHT, MAGNESIUM AND SUCROSE ON LEAF ANATOMY, STARCH AND TOTAL SUGAR ACCUMULATION, AND RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA CULTURED IN VITRO

K. Dimassi-Theriou | A. M. Bosabalidis

21. VEGETATIVE GROWTH, YIELD AND ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN KIWIFRUIT PLANTS OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES

C. Xiloyannis | V. Nuzzo | R. Massai | D. Piccotino | G. Baroni

22. RECIPROCAL GRAFTING COMPATIBILITY OF KIWIFRUIT AND FROST HARDY ACTINIDIA SPECIES

J. Chartier | P. Blanchet

23. PERFORMANCE OF KIWIFRUIT PLANT MATERIAL PROPAGATED BY DIFFERENT METHODS

D. Hernandez | M. Belen | M. Ara | J.C. García Rubio | J. Berrios

24. EFFECT OF REDUCING BETWEEN-ROW SPACING IN KIWIFRUIT ORCHARDS

G. Costa | R. Testolin

25. GROWTH AND YIELD OF KIWIFRUIT VINES PLANTED AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES ALONG THE ROW

R. Massai | D. Piccotino | M. Raffaelli | C. Xiloyannis | G. Baroni

26. A FIELD STUDY ON PLANTING DENSITIES IN KIWIFRUIT CULTURE

M. Ara | B. Hernandez | J.C. Garcia Rubio | J. Berrios

27. A GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO KIWIFRUIT CANOPY MODELLING

F. Succi | E. Magnanini | R. Quadretti | O. Miserocchi | G. Costa

28. THE DYNAMICS OF KIWIFRUIT GROWING AS A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

G. Russo | G. Fiume

29. LOCATION OF FRUIT WITH SUPERIOR CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CANOPY OF KIWIFRUIT VINES

G.S. Smith | S.A. Miller | J.P. Curtis

30. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF AREA INDEX AND FRUIT SIZE IN KIWIFRUIT

W.P. Snelgar | P.J. Martin

31. SIMULATION STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CANE LENGTH ON BUD FERTILITY IN KIWIFRUIT.

R. Habib | D. Agostini

32. EFFECTS OF CROPLOAD ON ANNUAL GROWTH AND DRY MATTER PARTITIONING IN YOUNG KIWI VINES

C. Xiloyannis | R. Massai | D. Piccotino | M. Raffaelli | M. Bovo

33. EFFECT OF CROPPING LOAD, CANE LENGTH AND THINNING ON YIELD AND FRUIT WEIGHT OF KIWIFRUIT

H. Samanci

34. AN ORGANIC VERSUS A CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEM IN KIWIFRUIT

J.K. Hasey | R.S. Johnson | R.D. Meyer | K. Klonsky

35. FREEZING POINT ESTIMATION OF KIWIFRUIT

G.D. Nanos | A. Fourtouni | E. Kaltsoula | E.M. Sfakiotakis

36. FROST DAMAGE AND PROTECTION OF KIWI VINES

G.D. Nanos | E.M. Sfakiotakis | C. Boufidis | K. Tsitouridis

37. FROST DAMAGES ON KIWIFRUITS VINES IN THE AREA OF CENTRAL MACEDONIA

K. A. Argyriou

38. BORON TOXICITY OF KIWIFRUIT ORCHARDS IN NORTHERN GREECE

Th. Sotiropoulos | I. Therios | K. Dimassi-Theriou

39. EFFECT OF P AND K FERTILISERS AND OF THE DATE OF SAMPLING ON THE CONCENTRATION OF MACRO AND MICRO-ELEMENTS IN THE LEAVES OF FOUR KIWI CULTIVARS

M.H. Loupassaki | I.I. Androulakis | S.M. Lionakis

40. NUTRIENT SURVEY OF KIWIFRUIT (ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA VAR DELICIOSA HAYWARD) IN THE DISTRICT OF PIERIA IN NORTHERN GREECE

P. Jastas | I. Therios

41. SEASONAL VARIATION OF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF KIWIFRUIT (ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA) IN NORTHERN GREECE

I. Therios | Ch. Taraksi | S. Christaki | K. Dimassi-Theriou

42. IRON DEFICIENCY IN KIWI AND ITS CORRECTION BY DIFFERENT METHODS

M.H. Loupassaki | S.M. Lionakis | I.I. Androulakis

43. SLOW-RELEASE FERTILISER EFFECTS ON KIWIFRUIT ORCHARD

44. EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON FRUITING AND VEGETATIVE PERFORMANCE, FRUIT QUALITY AND POST-HARVEST LIFE OF KIWIFRUIT CV HAYWARD

G. Costa | O. Lain | G. Vizzotto | S. Johnson

45. NITROGEN INFLUENCES KIWIFRUIT STORAGE LIFE

R.S. Johnson | F.G. Mitchell | C.H. Crisosto | W.H. Olson | G. Costa

46. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES OF A THERMOSTABLE NITRATE REDUCTASE IN ACTINIDIA

C.J. Clark | E.A. Godlewska | H.L. Boldingh

47. PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEK SOILS ON WHICH KIWIFRUIT ARE GROWN IN RELATION TO THEIR PROPERTIES

C.D. Tsadilas | V. Samaras | D. Dimoyiannis | Th. Mitsibonas

48. THE EFFECT OF SOIL WATER DEFICIT ON INTERNAL WATER RELATIONS OF KIWIFRUIT

K. Chartzoulakis | I. Therios | B. Noitsakis

49. MECHANISMS OF DROUGHT AVOIDANCE IN KIWIFRUIT VINES

R. Gucci | R. Massai | C. Xiloyannis

50. MODIFICATION OF MATURE KIWIFRUIT ROOT SYSTEMS DUE TO WINTER TIME WATERLOGGING CONDITIONS

V. Magliulo | R. d'Andria | A. Lavini | M. Mori

51. THE EFFECTS OF TRANSIENT WATERLOGGING ON DIFFERENT SPECIES OF ACTINIDIA

S.A. Miller | G.S. Smith | J.H. Cookson

52. CONTRIBUTION TO TRANSPIRATION OF DIFFERENT TISSUES OF KIWIFRUIT VINES FROM THEIR WATER RESERVES

V. Nuzzo | B. Dichio | C. Xiloyannis | D. Piccotino | R. Massai

53. COMPARISON OF THREE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS OF PERGOLA-TRAINED KIWIFRUIT ORCHARD

F. Monastra | A. Chiariotti | G. Colorio | G. Proietti

54. WHOLE-PLANT PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN KIWIFRUIT VINES – TEMPORAL CHANGES ON DIURNAL AND SEASONAL SCALES

J.G. Buwalda | A.J. Greaves

55. EFFECTS OF SHADING ON STOMATAL RESISTANCE AND YIELD OF HAYWARD KIWIFRUIT

S. Lionakis | D. Gerasopoulos | V. Chouliuras | V. Loxou

56. EFFECTS OF ALTERED SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIPS ON FRUIT DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY IN ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA

57. MYO-INOSITOL IS A MAJOR CARBOHYDRATE IN SPECIES OF ACTINIDIA

K. Klages | G. Smith | R. Bieleski

58. DIURNAL CHANGES IN STARCH AND SUGAR CONCENTRATIONS IN KIWIFRUIT LEAVES

K. Klages | G. Smith

59. FLOWER EVOCATION IN KIWIFRUIT – WHEN DOES IT OCCUR ?

Angela M. Snowball

60. BUD BREAK, BUD AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT IN SEVERAL ACTINIDIA SPECIES; COMPARISONS WITH KIWIFRUIT

Angela M. Snowball

61. EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES AND THEIR ALTERNATION WITH HIGHER ONES ON BREAKING BUD DORMANCY OF ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA (CVS. HAYWARD AND BRUNO)

I.N. Therios | I.C. Porlingis

62. THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURES ON BREAKING BUD DORMANCY IN KIWIFRUIT (ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA)

I.C. Porlingis | I.N. Therios

63. MODELLING THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TIMING OF BUD BREAK IN KIWIFRUIT

A.J. Hall | H.G. McPherson

64. A FLOWERING MODEL IN KIWIFRUIT

D. Agostini | R. Habib

65. POLLEN FLOW IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF KIWIFRUIT (ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA) ORCHARDS.

F. Malabœuf | B.E. Vaissière | P. Cour

66. FACTORS AFFECTING THE FRUIT SIZE OF “HAYWARD” KIWIFRUIT

M. Vasilakakis | K. Papadopoulos | E. Papageorgiou

67. KIWIFRUIT FLOWER BIOLOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FRUIT SET

M.V. González | M. Coque | M. Herrero

68. POLLINATION OF ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS PLANCH. IN CHINESE ORCHARDS

L. Pan | W. Qiu | C. Chen | B. E. Vaissière

69. TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF KIWI FLOWERS TO HONEY BEES

V. Tsirakoglou | A. Thrasyvoulou | F. Hatjina

70. UPTAKE, DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY AND RESPONSE OF KIWIFRUIT TISSUE TO ¹⁴C-CPPU

J.G. Cruz-Castillo | D.J. Woolley | G.S. Lawes

71. EFFECT OF CPPU (CYTOKININ) TREATMENTS ON FRUIT ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND QUALITY IN ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA

72. EFFECT OF CPPU AND POLLINATION ON FRUITING PERFORMANCE, FRUIT QUALITY AND STORAGE LIFE OF KIWIFRUIT (CV HAYWARD).

G. Costa | F. Succi | R. Quadretti | M. Morigi | O. Miserocchi

73. FRUITING PERFORMANCE OF KIWIFRUIT CV HAYWARD AFFECTED BY USE OF CYANAMIDE

G. Costa | G. Vizzotto | O. Lain

74. REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOGENESIS IN KIWIFRUIT IN RELATION TO POLYAMINES

R. Biasi | G. Falasca | M.M. Altamura | S. Fabbri | N. Bagni

75. EFFECTS OF SEAWEED EXTRACT ON FRUIT GROWTH, WEIGHT AND MATURATION OF ‘HAYWARD’ KIWIFRUIT

V. Chouliaras | D. Gerascapoulos | S. Lionakis

76. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE AND SOLUBLE SOLIDS EVOLUTION DURING MATURING OF KIWIFRUIT IN ORCHARD

O. Pailly | R. Habib | R. Delécolle

77. PHENOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF KIWIFRUIT UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

78. MATURITY AND POST-HARVEST BEHAVIOR OF AN EARLY MATURING KIWIFRUIT SELECTION.

P. Blanchet

79. THE INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCK AND ‘HAYWARD’ SCION SELECTION ON FRUIT FIRMNESS AND SOLUBLE SOLIDS

J.G. Cruz-Castillo | G.S. Lawes | D.J. Woolley

80. INFLUENCE OF HARVEST TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON FRUIT QUALITY AND STORAGE OF KIWIFRUIT (CV HAYWARD)

G. Costa | R. Quadretti | A. Succi | M. Morigi

81. SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION OF ANTHOCYANIN IN ACTINIDIA ARGUTA X MELANANDRA.

N. Seager

82. REGULATION OF THE PROPYLENE INDUCED RIPENING AND ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS BY OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN “HAYWARD” KIWIFRUIT

G. Stavroulakis | E. Sfakiotakis | G. Stavroulakis

83. ETHYLENE PRODUCTION OF ‘HAYWARD’ KIWIFRUIT AFTER ULTRA LOW OXYGEN OR CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE

M.D.C. Antunes | E.M. Sfakiotakis

84. BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF THERMOREGULATION OF ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AND RIPENING OF ‘HAYWARD’ KIWIFRUIT

M.D.C. Antunes | E.M. Sfakiotakis

85. RESPIRATORY AND COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES OF KIWIFRUIT CULTIVARS DURING AIR ATMOSPHERE STORAGE AT 0°C

H. Manolopoulou | P. Papadopoulou

86. KIWIFRUIT PRECONDITIONING PROTOCOL

Carlos H. Crisosto | D. Garner | Gayle M. Crisosto | R. Kaprielian

87. AIR PRECOOLING AND HYDROCOOLING OF HAYWARD KIWIFRUIT

G. Lambrinos | H. Assimaki | H. Manolopoulou

88. EFFECTS OF CURING AND COOLING REGIME ON ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AND STORAGE BEHAVIOUR OF KIWIFRUIT

J. Retamales | T. Cooper | J. Montealegre

89. EXTREMELY LOW ETHYLENE LEVELS IN AMBIENT AIR ARE STILL CRITICAL FOR KIWIFRUIT STORAGE

J. Retamales | R. Campos

90. LOW TEMPERATURE BREAKDOWN IN KIWIFRUIT

N. Lallu

91. PRESERVATION OF KIWIFRUIT UNDER CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE IN A PILOT PLANT SCALE

92. EFFECT OF LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE ON QUALITY CHANGES, ACETALDEHYDE AND ETHANOL ACCUMULATION IN EARLY AND LATE HARVEST OF “HAYWARD” KIWIFRUIT

T. Thomai | E. Sfakiotakis

93. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CURED KIWIFRUIT AFTER A COOL-STORAGE PERIOD

S. Bautista-Baños | P.G. Long | S. Ganesh

94. THE EFFECT OF AIR STORAGE ON FRUIT FIRMNESS AND SENSORY QUALITY OF KIWIFRUIT CULTIVARS

P. Papadopoulou | H. Manolopoulou

95. THE EFFECT OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE AND ULTRA LOW OXYGEN ON STORAGE ABILITY AND QUALITY OF ‘HAYWARD’ KIWIFRUIT

M.D.C. Antunes | E.M. Sfakiotakis

96. MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE OF HAYWARD KIWIFRUIT

H. Manolopoulou | G. Lambrinos | H. Assimaki

97. AN ALTERNATIVE LOW-COST STORAGE FOR KIWIFRUIT

G.D. Nanos | C. Kittas

98. THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY SYSTEMS BY HORTICULTURISTS

G.S. Lawes

99. EFFECT OF DRY MATTER CONTENT OF THE KIWIFRUIT AT HARVEST ON STORAGE PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY

D. Velemis | M. Vasilakakis | E. Manolakis

100. VARIATION OF QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF KIWIFRUIT GROWN IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF SOUTHERN ITALY

G. Russo

101. USE OF DIRECT OSMOSIS TREATMENT TO PRODUCE MINIMALLY PROCESSED KIWIFRUIT SLICES IN A CONTINUOUS PILOT PLANT

F. Bressa | M. Dalla Rosa | D. Mastrocola

102. EVALUATION OF MASS TRANSFER KINETICS IN KIWIFRUIT SLICES DURING OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION UNDER HIGH PRESSURE TREATMENTS

M. Dalla Rosa | F. Bressa | D. Mastrocola | G. Carpi

103. UTILISATION OF REJECT KIWIFRUIT FRUIT FOR ALCOHOLIC AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

A. Sensidoni | C. Da Porto | M. Dalla Rosa | R. Testolin

104. STUDY OF CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION OF KIWIFRUIT BY HIGH PRESSURE TREATMENTS

G. Carpi | P. Rovere | A. Maggi | R. Bazzarini | F. Bressa

105. THE EFFECT OF FREEZING ON THE COMPOSITION AND THE SENSORY QUALITY OF KIWIFRUIT SLICES

P. Papadopoulou | H. Manolopoulou

106. EXPORT CHANGES IN KIWIFRUITS: AN E.U. PERSPECTIVE

K. Mattas | A. Mihailidis

107. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRECOOLING KIWIFRUIT

N. Lallu | D.J. Webb

108. THE CULTURE, THE MARKETING AND THE ECONOMIC RESULT OF THE KIWIFRUIT IN MACEDONIA

D. I. V. Manolopoulos

109. USING LEVELS OF KIWIFRUIT SEPALS AND STEM ENDS COLONIZED BY BOTRYTIS CINEREA TO PREDICT GRAY MOLD IN STORAGE

T.J. Michailides | D.P. Morgan

110. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOTRYTIS CINEREA INOCULUM IN KIWIFRUIT VINES, CONTAMINATION OF THE FRUIT SURFACE AT HARVEST AND STEM END ROT IN COOLSTORAGE

P.A.G. Elmer | H.G. Whelan | K.S.H. Boyd-Wilson | N.B. Pyke

111. MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO BOTRYTIS CINEREA IN WOUNDS OF CURED KIWIFRUITS

112. FUNGAL DISEASES OF KIWIFRUIT STORED IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE CONDITIONS IN NEW ZEALAND

M.A. Manning | N. Lallu

113. ETHYLENE PRODUCTION BY BOTRYTIS CINEREA, KIWIFRUIT AND BOTRYTIS ROTTED KIWIFRUIT UNDER SEVERAL STORAGE TEMPERATURES

N. Niklis | E. Sfakiotakis | C.C. Thanassoulopoulos

114. A NEW, GRAFT-TRANSMITTED, DISEASE OF KIWIFRUIT

H. Nitta | S. Ogasawara

115. EPIPHYTIC SURVIVAL AND CONTROL OF PSEUDOMONAS VIRIDIFLAVA ON ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA

G.M. Balestra | L. Varvaro

116. PITTING ON KIWIFRUIT IN STORAGE CAUSED BY PHIALOPHORA SP

A. Testoni | B. Grassi | S. Quaroni | M. Saracchi | P. Sardi

117. ON THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA ON KIWIFRUIT CV “HAYWARD” DURING STORAGE

C.C. Thanassoulopoulos | L. Yanna

118. CHANGING PEST CONTROL ON NEW ZEALAND KIWIFRUIT

D. Steven | S.W. Barnett | P.S. Stevens | C.E. McKenna

119. KIWIFRUIT PESTS IN CHILE

D. Steven | L. Valenzuela | R.H. Gonzalez

120. PHYTOTOXICITY TO KIWIFRUIT FROM SPRAYS OF MINERAL OIL

C.E. McKenna | P.S. Stevens | D. Steven

121. 3D IMAGING SHOWS WITHIN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION OF PESTS ON UNSPRAYED NEW ZEALAND KIWIFRUIT VINES

A.R. Tomkins | P.A. Allison | D.J. Wilson | C. Thomson

122. DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL TO PREDICT THE PHENOLOGY OF OLEANDER SCALE (ASPIDIOTUS NERII) INFESTING KIWIFRUIT

A.R. Tomkins | P.A. Allison | C. Thomson | D.J. Wilson