Articles
THE PRESENCE OF MYCOTOXINS AFTER NINETY DAYS OF STORAGE IN FRESH CHESTNUTS
Article number
844_8
Pages
69 – 74
Language
English
Abstract
A preliminary study in 2006 demonstrated that chestnut kernels from the Japanese × European cultivar Colossal stored fresh (4°C) for more than 120 days could accumulate mycotoxins.
In 2007, chestnuts from two traditional cultivars, Colossal (Castanea sativa × C. crenata), and Eaton (C. mollissima × C. crenata), and a Chinese selection (C. mollissima) called Ever-Fresh were harvested and stored at 4°C in a produce cooler.
After zero, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage, the chestnuts were assayed for the presence of three mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin and zearalenone, by competitive direct ELISA (Acumedia; Neogen Corp., Lansing, MI, USA) Five, healthy 350 g kernel samples of each cultivar were processed to extract the mycotoxins as specified by the manufacturer.
Average concentration for each mycotoxin was recorded for each sample.
For Colossal, 0.36 ppm, 64.92 ppb and 427.00 ppb, were found for deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin and zearalenone, respectively.
For Eaton 0.32 ppm, 13.02 ppb, and 388.34 ppb were found for deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin and zearalenone, respectively.
For Ever-Fresh, 0.10 ppm, 4.28 ppb and 245.02 ppb were found for deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin and zearalenone, respectively.
Mycotoxins were found in fresh chestnuts and increased each month after storage.
However, each chestnut cultivar and selection had differing concentrations of mycotoxins and Colossal showed the largest increase after 120 days.
Before 90 days, mycotoxins concentrations never exceeded federal maximum tolerance or recommendation levels; however after 90 days Colossal exceeded federal tolerance levels for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone.
The Michigan selection known as Ever-Fresh accumulated significantly (p<0.05) lower concentrations of mycotoxins when compared to mycotoxins present in Eaton and Colossal.
In 2007, chestnuts from two traditional cultivars, Colossal (Castanea sativa × C. crenata), and Eaton (C. mollissima × C. crenata), and a Chinese selection (C. mollissima) called Ever-Fresh were harvested and stored at 4°C in a produce cooler.
After zero, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage, the chestnuts were assayed for the presence of three mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin and zearalenone, by competitive direct ELISA (Acumedia; Neogen Corp., Lansing, MI, USA) Five, healthy 350 g kernel samples of each cultivar were processed to extract the mycotoxins as specified by the manufacturer.
Average concentration for each mycotoxin was recorded for each sample.
For Colossal, 0.36 ppm, 64.92 ppb and 427.00 ppb, were found for deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin and zearalenone, respectively.
For Eaton 0.32 ppm, 13.02 ppb, and 388.34 ppb were found for deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin and zearalenone, respectively.
For Ever-Fresh, 0.10 ppm, 4.28 ppb and 245.02 ppb were found for deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin and zearalenone, respectively.
Mycotoxins were found in fresh chestnuts and increased each month after storage.
However, each chestnut cultivar and selection had differing concentrations of mycotoxins and Colossal showed the largest increase after 120 days.
Before 90 days, mycotoxins concentrations never exceeded federal maximum tolerance or recommendation levels; however after 90 days Colossal exceeded federal tolerance levels for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone.
The Michigan selection known as Ever-Fresh accumulated significantly (p<0.05) lower concentrations of mycotoxins when compared to mycotoxins present in Eaton and Colossal.
Publication
Authors
I.R. Donis-Gonzalez, C. Medina-Mora, S. Stadt, M. Mandujano, D.W. Fulbright
Keywords
chestnut postharvest management, food safety, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin, zearalenone
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