Articles
Volatile profiling of papaya fruit as an early detection tool for stem-end rot disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Article number
1396_11
Pages
73 – 80
Language
English
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) is a nutritious and essential climacteric fruit that showed health and economic benefits worldwide.
However, the fruit is susceptible to fungal invasion in the postharvest chain, such as Lasiodiplodia theobromae that cause stem-end rot.
This leads to drastic changes in the overall qualities of the fruits when reaching the market.
Therefore, early diagnosis of the diseased papaya is the main goal to tackle by using non-invasive techniques, including the development of papaya biomarkers through volatile profiling.
To achieve this, papaya fruit samples at different maturity stages and health statuses were prepared before being incubated for volatile extraction and via solid-phase microextraction (SPME), along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
The fruits were also subjected to postharvest quality assessment before data analysis.
Based on the results, different chemical groups were detected from each sample group, including benzyl isothiocyanate, decane, α-Phellandrene, methyl butanoate and acetic acid which can be distinguished significantly based on the maturity stage and health status based on principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, some potential biomarkers for diseased samples detected involved microbial fermentation, including acetic acid, L-lactic acid and 2,3-butanediol.
These mechanisms can be further proven with the significant changes in postharvest quality when the fruits were diseased, including the rise of titratable acid, as well as depletion of total soluble solids.
In general, this research acknowledges the importance of volatile profiling for developing a novel and effective solution to reduce food loss in the postharvest chain sustainably.
However, the fruit is susceptible to fungal invasion in the postharvest chain, such as Lasiodiplodia theobromae that cause stem-end rot.
This leads to drastic changes in the overall qualities of the fruits when reaching the market.
Therefore, early diagnosis of the diseased papaya is the main goal to tackle by using non-invasive techniques, including the development of papaya biomarkers through volatile profiling.
To achieve this, papaya fruit samples at different maturity stages and health statuses were prepared before being incubated for volatile extraction and via solid-phase microextraction (SPME), along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
The fruits were also subjected to postharvest quality assessment before data analysis.
Based on the results, different chemical groups were detected from each sample group, including benzyl isothiocyanate, decane, α-Phellandrene, methyl butanoate and acetic acid which can be distinguished significantly based on the maturity stage and health status based on principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, some potential biomarkers for diseased samples detected involved microbial fermentation, including acetic acid, L-lactic acid and 2,3-butanediol.
These mechanisms can be further proven with the significant changes in postharvest quality when the fruits were diseased, including the rise of titratable acid, as well as depletion of total soluble solids.
In general, this research acknowledges the importance of volatile profiling for developing a novel and effective solution to reduce food loss in the postharvest chain sustainably.
Authors
G.H. Tan, A. Ali, S. Yasmeen
Keywords
maturity stages, health statuses, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), principal component analysis (PCA), quality
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