Articles
Superficial scald inhibition treatments and their ethylene-dependence in symptom expression on ‘Granny Smith’ apples
Article number
1456_17
Pages
133 – 140
Language
English
Abstract
Superficial scald induction in ‘Granny Smith’ apples seems to be ethylene dependent.
Ethylene biosynthesis in apples can be influenced by 1-methylcycloprene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, or diphenylamine (DPA) an antioxidant, or low-oxygen storage such as controlled atmosphere (CA), dynamic controlled-chlorophyll fluorescence (DCA-CF), ultra-low oxygen storage (ULOS) or repeated low-oxygen stress (RLOS). This study investigated the relationship between superficial scald development and ethylene biosynthesis by quantifying changes in aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), 1-malonyl-ACC (MACC), internal ethylene, O2 and CO2 in 1-MCP-treated and untreated ‘Granny Smith’ apples during 6, 8, and 16 weeks of cold storage (0°C) in RA, CA, DCA-CF and RLOS+ULOS, followed by a 6-week RA shipment period (-0.5°C) plus 10 d at 20°C shelf-life.
RA stored fruit were also treated with DPA after harvest.
Superficial scald after shipment had a moderate, positive correlation with MACC and internal ethylene measured after cold storage, and a strong, positive correlation with internal ethylene and MACC after shelf-life.
Superficial scald did not correlate with ACC. 1-MCP+CA and 1-MCP+DCA-CF treatments supressed MACC and internal ethylene accumulation and superficial scald.
CA, DCA-CF and RLOS treatments had low ethylene and MACC accumulation after storage but high concentrations after shelf-life.
RLOS expressed superficial scald until after only 6 weeks of cold storage (10%) and DCA-CF after 16 weeks of storage and shelf-life (29%). CA stored fruit expressed no superficial scald. 1-MCP+RLOS treated fruit developed superficial scald after 16 weeks of storage and shelf-life in the absence of measured internal ethylene after storage and low levels after shelf-life.
In contrast, DPA-treated fruit did not reduce internal ethylene or MACC in RA stored fruit, but still resulted in lower superficial scald incidence compared to the untreated counterparts.
Findings for this study support the hypothesis of ethylene-dependent and independent superficial scald control.
Ethylene biosynthesis in apples can be influenced by 1-methylcycloprene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, or diphenylamine (DPA) an antioxidant, or low-oxygen storage such as controlled atmosphere (CA), dynamic controlled-chlorophyll fluorescence (DCA-CF), ultra-low oxygen storage (ULOS) or repeated low-oxygen stress (RLOS). This study investigated the relationship between superficial scald development and ethylene biosynthesis by quantifying changes in aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), 1-malonyl-ACC (MACC), internal ethylene, O2 and CO2 in 1-MCP-treated and untreated ‘Granny Smith’ apples during 6, 8, and 16 weeks of cold storage (0°C) in RA, CA, DCA-CF and RLOS+ULOS, followed by a 6-week RA shipment period (-0.5°C) plus 10 d at 20°C shelf-life.
RA stored fruit were also treated with DPA after harvest.
Superficial scald after shipment had a moderate, positive correlation with MACC and internal ethylene measured after cold storage, and a strong, positive correlation with internal ethylene and MACC after shelf-life.
Superficial scald did not correlate with ACC. 1-MCP+CA and 1-MCP+DCA-CF treatments supressed MACC and internal ethylene accumulation and superficial scald.
CA, DCA-CF and RLOS treatments had low ethylene and MACC accumulation after storage but high concentrations after shelf-life.
RLOS expressed superficial scald until after only 6 weeks of cold storage (10%) and DCA-CF after 16 weeks of storage and shelf-life (29%). CA stored fruit expressed no superficial scald. 1-MCP+RLOS treated fruit developed superficial scald after 16 weeks of storage and shelf-life in the absence of measured internal ethylene after storage and low levels after shelf-life.
In contrast, DPA-treated fruit did not reduce internal ethylene or MACC in RA stored fruit, but still resulted in lower superficial scald incidence compared to the untreated counterparts.
Findings for this study support the hypothesis of ethylene-dependent and independent superficial scald control.
Authors
M. Gerber, M. Jooste, W.J. Botes, D.W. Viljoen, I.J. Crouch, E.M. Crouch
Keywords
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), 1-malonyl-ACC (MACC), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), diphenylamine (DPA), low-oxygen storage
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