Articles
BIBAUM®: A NEW TRAINING SYSTEM FOR PEAR ORCHARDS
Article number
800_104
Pages
763 – 769
Language
English
Abstract
Many training systems are suitable for increasing planting density, especially the V and vertical axis systems.
New ideas regarding tree shape include plants with 2 or 4 axes, the objective of which is to divide the vigour over more branches.
Nurseries can provide pre-formed trees with two axes (Bibaum®) that are ready to be planted, or alternatively, knip trees for spindle plantings.
Research and development needs to advance to upgrade tree efficiency via the use of dwarfing or semi-dwarfing quince or pear clonal rootstocks.
The nursery sector is by far the pear industrys most technologically innovative.
Indeed, today it is possible to purchase a given type of tree to suit a particular desired orchard design.
Alongside the traditionally chip-budded trees, produced in a two-year cycle, are types like two-year knip trees, which are obtained from June budded (1-year-old) and bench-grafted plants in a one-year cycle.
Also worth noting in this connection are the innovative Bibaum® system which aims to develop pre-formed, split-branch trees in the nursery that eliminate the need for orchard topping and the consequent one year delay in shoot-system formation.
The present paper reports a series of three ongoing pear training-system trials.
The first involves trees trained to the Bibaum® system or to spindles with cv.
Abbé Fétel in a medium density planting (MDP) now in its 7th year.
A comparison of the two systems has so far shown no significant differences in yield but a notable reduction of trunk cross sectional area – 33 cm2 for the former and 43 cm2 for the latter.
The fact that vigour is distributed over two axes in the Y-shape appears to positively affect tree-growth control, fruit size, (275 g for Bibaum® and 271 g for spindle), as well as sugar content.
The second trial is a yield-performance comparison, using Abbé Fétel scions, of the training systems Bibaum®, Spindle and a three-axis shape called Candelabro or chandelier. The third trial is a comparison of spindle and Bibaum® on 4 different rootstocks.
New ideas regarding tree shape include plants with 2 or 4 axes, the objective of which is to divide the vigour over more branches.
Nurseries can provide pre-formed trees with two axes (Bibaum®) that are ready to be planted, or alternatively, knip trees for spindle plantings.
Research and development needs to advance to upgrade tree efficiency via the use of dwarfing or semi-dwarfing quince or pear clonal rootstocks.
The nursery sector is by far the pear industrys most technologically innovative.
Indeed, today it is possible to purchase a given type of tree to suit a particular desired orchard design.
Alongside the traditionally chip-budded trees, produced in a two-year cycle, are types like two-year knip trees, which are obtained from June budded (1-year-old) and bench-grafted plants in a one-year cycle.
Also worth noting in this connection are the innovative Bibaum® system which aims to develop pre-formed, split-branch trees in the nursery that eliminate the need for orchard topping and the consequent one year delay in shoot-system formation.
The present paper reports a series of three ongoing pear training-system trials.
The first involves trees trained to the Bibaum® system or to spindles with cv.
Abbé Fétel in a medium density planting (MDP) now in its 7th year.
A comparison of the two systems has so far shown no significant differences in yield but a notable reduction of trunk cross sectional area – 33 cm2 for the former and 43 cm2 for the latter.
The fact that vigour is distributed over two axes in the Y-shape appears to positively affect tree-growth control, fruit size, (275 g for Bibaum® and 271 g for spindle), as well as sugar content.
The second trial is a yield-performance comparison, using Abbé Fétel scions, of the training systems Bibaum®, Spindle and a three-axis shape called Candelabro or chandelier. The third trial is a comparison of spindle and Bibaum® on 4 different rootstocks.
Publication
Authors
S. Musacchi
Keywords
pear, high density planting, rootstocks, two axes
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