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Articles

GIRDLING: SCIENCE BEHIND THE AGE-OLD TECHNIQUE

Article number

800_2

Pages

51 – 60

Language

English

Abstract

Even though the practice of girdling or scoring pear trees goes back more than 2000 years, many questions still remain about the physiological reasons for the observed responses.
The phenological stage at which the technique is used and the intensity of application (scoring, cincturing, girdling or notching) determines the type of response that is obtained.
Amongst the most well known responses are a decrease in shoot growth, an increase in fruit set, an increase in return bloom and an increase in fruit size.
A number of hypotheses have been presented, either leaning towards a change in carbohydrate levels or with more emphasis placed on endogenous hormone levels resulting in the response to the treatment.
Most of these however, do not distinguish between the different techniques (e.g., girdling vs. scoring), time of application of the technique or whether trees are evergreen or deciduous.

Publication

X International Pear Symposium

Authors

K.I. Theron, W.J. Steyn

Keywords

endogenous plant hormones, flower induction, flowering, scoring

Full text

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.800.2

Online Articles (151)

1. OVERVIEW OF INTENSIVE PEAR CULTURE: PLANTING DENSITY, ROOTSTOCKS, ORCHARD MANAGEMENT, SOIL-WATER RELATIONS AND FRUIT QUALITY

S. Sansavini | V. Ancarani | D. Neri

2. GIRDLING: SCIENCE BEHIND THE AGE-OLD TECHNIQUE

K.I. Theron | W.J. Steyn

3. STATUS AND TRENDS WITHIN THE PEAR INDUSTRIES IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA

J.W. Palmer | A. Grills

4. RECENT SITUATION OF PEAR INDUSTRY IN ASIA

H. Gemma

5. RECENT SITUATION OF THE PEAR INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AMERICA

E.E. Sánchez

6. STATUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PEAR INDUSTRY

E.A. Mielke

7. PEAR PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA

K.I. Theron | P.W. van der Merwe | C.H. Ferrandi

8. STATUS OF THE PEAR PRODUCTION IN EUROPE

T. Deckers | H. Schoofs

9. UNDERSTANDING THE GAMETOPHYTIC SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON EUROPEAN PEAR (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.) CULTIVATION

M. Goldway | A. Zisovich | A. Raz | R.A. Stern

10. THINNING PROGRAMS IN PEARS CV. WILLIAMS

M.C. Dussi | G. Giardina | P. Reeb | J. Gastiazoro

11. FRUIT SET OF ‘CONFERENCE’: A SMALL DOSE OF GIBBERELLINS OR REGALIS

J. Vercammen | A. Gomand

12. STRATEGIES TO CONTROL TREE VIGOUR AND OPTIMISE FRUIT PRODUCTION IN ‘CONFERENCE’ PEARS

F. Maas

13. EFFECT OF ROOT PRUNING, PROHEXADIONE-CA AND THEIR COMBINATION ON GROWTH CONTROL, RETURN BLOOM AND YIELD, IN A ‘BLANQUILLA’ PEAR ORCHARD

L. Asín | P. Vilardell

14. INCREASING FRUIT SIZE OF ‘SPADONA’ AND ‘COSCIA’ (PYRUS COMMUNIS) PEARS IN A WARM CLIMATE WITH PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

R.A. Stern

15. EFFECTS OF GA₃ AND PACLOBUTRAZOL TREATMENT ON FRUIT SET AND YIELD OF ‘BEURRÉ BOSC’ AND ‘TRIUMF’ PEARS CULTIVARS

V. Chitu | E. Chitu | N. Branişte

16. EFFECT OF BIOREGULATOR APPLICATIONS ON THE FRUIT SET IN ‘ABATE FETEL’ PEAR TREES

P. Vilardell | J.M. Pagés | L. Asín

17. THE USE OF GIBBERELLINS AND PROHEXADIONE-CA TREATMENTS FOR FRUIT SET IMPROVEMENT ON ‘CONFERENCE’ PEAR

S. Vanthournout | R. Valcke | T. Deckers

18. EVALUATION OF PEA PEAR POLLINIZERS FOR PYRUS COMMUNIS

S. Castagnoli

19. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT BIOREGULATOR APPLICATIONS ON FRUIT SET, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ‘WILLIAMS’ PEARS

G. Lafer

20. SELECTED PYRUS GENOTYPES AS POLLINIZERS FOR PYRUS COMMUNIS CULTIVARS

H. Kemp | E. Koskela | M.C.A. van Dieren | F.M. Maas

21. EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID AND POLLINATION ON FRUIT SET AND FRUIT QUALITY IN ‘ROCHA’ PEAR

L. Silva | M. Herrero | C.M. Oliveira

22. STUDY OF POLLEN-PISTIL INTERACTIONS ON CROSSES BETWEEN ‘ROCHA’ PEAR AND POTENTIAL POLLINATORS

L. Silva | J. Sanzol | M. Herrero | C.M. Oliveira

23. EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND HAND THINNING ON QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF PEAR FRUITS (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.) CV. WILLIAMS

M. Hudina | F. Stampar

24. INDEX OF BUD ABORTION OF ‘PACKHAM’S TRIUMPH’ PEAR TREES IN THE PRODUCTION AREAS OF THE RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE AND SANTA CATARINA STATE

25. THE EFFECT OF THINNING FLOWERING BUDS ON THE EFFECTIVE FRUCTIFICATION OF THE PEAR CV. ABATE FETEL IN THE REGION OF VACARIA CITY – RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL

26. THE “YIELD POTENTIAL” – A NEW METHODOLOGY TO RELATE ORCHARD PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY

A. Ramos | L. Marques | R. Lopes | E. Ribeiro | J.M.S. Martins

27. SELF-POLLINATION, CROSS-POLLINATION AND PARTHENOCARPY IN ‘ROCHA’ PEAR

M.C. Medeira | M.I. Maia

28. EFFECTS OF ROOTSTOCK ON PEAR PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY

P. Losciale | M. Zibordi | L. Manfrini | L.C. Grappadelli

29. AGRONOMICAL PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT QUALITY OF EARLY HARVESTING PEAR CULTIVARS IN SPAIN

I. Iglesias

30. RUSSET INDUCTION IN ‘BEURRÉ BOSC’ AND ‘TAYLOR’S GOLD’ PEARS

D. Sugar | S.R. Basile

31. VULNERABILITY AND IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PEAR PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA

S.J.E. Wand | W.J. Steyn | K.I. Theron

32. TRANSLOCATION OF NUTRIENTS IN JAPANESE PEAR ‘KOSUI’ GRAFTED BY THE ‘TREE JOINT’ METHOD

T. Seki | K. Kawashima | K. Shibata | H. Inoue | Y. Umemiya

33. COURSE OF CHLORMEQUAT RESIDUE IN ‘CONFERENCE’ PEARS OVER A 9-YEAR PERIOD FOLLOWING ITS FINAL USE IN THE ORCHARD

F. Maas

34. MANIPULATION OF PEAR SEEDLINGS TO REDUCE JUVENILITY

L.R. Brewer | P. Alspach | C. Morgan

35. RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME PEAR TREE CULTIVARS IN THE SOUTHERN OLTENIA REGION OF ROMANIA

A. Baciu | S. Cosmulescu | M. Cichi

36. THE STUDY OF RADICULAR SYSTEM AND THE INTERACTION OF GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR PEAR SPECIES CULTIVATED ON SANDS

M. Cichi | A. Baciu | D. Cichi | L. Păun

37. SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN LEAVES OF ‘CONFERENCE’ PEAR

M. Colaric | F. Stampar | M. Hudina

38. FIELD PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN PEAR CULTIVARS IN SOUTH CAROLINA

G.L. Reighard | D.R. Ouellette | K.H. Brock

39. INFLUENCE OF TRUNK GIRDLING ON GROWTH AND FRUIT PRODUCTION OF ‘ROCHA’/BA29

R.M. Sousa | F. Calouro | C.M. Oliveira

40. A MODEL FOR PREDICTING FRUIT GROWTH OF ‘ROCHA’ PEAR

C.M. Rasteiro | N. Isidoro

41. MODELLING THE SHAPE AND GROWTH OF A PEAR

J.M.S. Martins | A.R. Rosa | S. Martins | D. Fialho | J. Abreu

42. CHILLING REQUIREMENT OF SOME ASIAN PEAR (PYRUS SEROTINA REHD.) CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER TEHRAN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

K. Arzani | S. Mousavi

43. PROSPECTIVE PEAR CULTIVARS BRED IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

F. Paprstein

44. TRENDS IN EUROPEAN PEAR PRODUCTION AND CULTIVAR CHOICE IN JAPAN

H. Bessho

45. MUTATIONS IN CHLOROPLAST DNA REVEALED RELATIONS AND DISCRIMINATIONS IN GENUS PYRUS

46. IDENTIFICATION OF GENES CODING FOR NH₄⁺ TRANSPORTERS IN ‘ROCHA’ PEAR/BA29

M. Mota | C. Neto | C.M. Oliveira

47. STABILITY OF GUS AND BAR GENE EXPRESSION IN TRANSGENIC PEAR CLONAL ROOTSTOCK PLANTS DURING SEVERAL YEARS

V.G. Lebedev | S.V. Dolgov

48. INVESTIGATING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ANTHOCYANIN PRODUCTION IN ‘BON ROUGE’ PYRUS COMMUNIS L.

M.G. du Preez | D.J.G. Rees

49. S-GENOTYPE ASSIGNMENT OF EUROPEAN PEAR CULTIVARS USING S-RNASE SPECIFIC CAPS MARKER

T. Takasaki-Yasuda | Y. Moriya | T. Nakanishi | H. Iwanami | H. Bessho

50. SELECTION OF SELF-COMPATIBLE TREES BY S₄^sm-HAPLOTYPE SPECIFIC MARKER IN JAPANESE PEAR

K. Okada | N. Tonaka | T. Takasaki | T. Matsumoto | Y. Sawamura

51. GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ACCESSIONS IN A PEAR GERMPLASM BANK

P.S. Ritschel | L.F. Revers | P.R.D. de Oliveira | G.B. Leite | M.E. Ferreira

52. MOLECULAR FINGERPRINTS IDENTIFY HISTORIC PEAR TREES IN TWO U.S. NATIONAL PARKS

N. Bassil | J. Postman | K. Hummer | S. Dolan | L. Lawliss

53. POLLEN TRANSGLUTAMINASE IN PEAR SELF INCOMPATIBILITY AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH S-RNASES AND S-ALLELE VARIABILITY

54. IDENTIFICATION OF S-ALLELES IN THE PEAR CV. ROCHA AND OTHER EUROPEAN PEAR CULTIVARS

M. Mota | L. Tavares | C.M. Oliveira

55. IDENTIFYING EUROPEAN PEAR (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.) CULTIVARS AT THE KOB BY USING APPLE SSRS

H. Xuan

56. IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SOME PEAR CULTIVARS

A.C. Cosac | L.B. Frăsin | M. Isac

57. THE IRTA-HR PEAR SCION BREEDING PROGRAMME: AIMING FOR HIGH FRUIT QUALITY UNDER WARM GROWING CONDITIONS

58. INTERSPECIFIC PEAR BREEDING FOR FLAVOUR AND TEXTURE

L.R. Brewer | C. Morgan | P.A. Alspach | R.K. Volz | A.G. White

59. BREEDING FOR RED SKIN COLOUR IN INTERSPECIFIC PEARS

R.K. Volz | A.G. White | L.R. Brewer

60. PEAR BREEDING FOR SCAB AND PSYLLA RESISTANCE

61. EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE EUROPEAN PEAR CULTIVARS FOR U.S. WEST COAST GROWERS

62. PEAR GENETIC BREEDING TO IMPROVE THE ROMANIAN VARIETIES

N. Branişte | N. Andrieş | V. Ghidra

63. GERMPLASM FUND OF PYRUS SP. PRESENTLY IN EX SITU ROMANIAN COLLECTIONS

N. Branişte | M. Militaru

64. ASIAN PEAR BREEDING IN BRAZIL: CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW SELECTIONS

W. Barbosa | R.F.A. Veiga | C.V. Pommer | R. Pio | E.A. Chagas

65. PEAR ‘IAC PRINCESINHA’: NEW EUROPEAN TYPE CULTIVAR FOR SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE

E.A. Chagas | F.A. Campo Dall¿Orto | M. Ojima | W. Barbosa | R. Pio

66. ‘IAC CULINÁRIA’: A NEW CANNING CULTIVAR OF EUROPEAN PEAR (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.) SUITABLE FOR SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES

E.A. Chagas | F.A. Campo Dall'Orto | M. Ojima | W. Barbosa | R. Pio

67. IN VITRO GERMINATION OF PYRUS CALLERYANA DECNE. POLLEN: ADJUSTING A PROTOCOL

E.A. Chagas | W. Barbosa | A. Saito | R. Pio | P.C. Chagas

68. TEMPERATURE, PH AND DEVELOPMENT PERIOD ON IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION IN PYRUS CALLERYANA

E.A. Chagas | W. Barbosa | A. Saito | R. Pio | N.P. Feldberg

69. WORLD PYRUS COLLECTION AT USDA GENEBANK IN CORVALLIS, OREGON

J.D. Postman

70. HERITABILITY OF FRUIT CHARACTERS OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS BETWEEN PYRUS PYRIFOLIA AND P. USSURIENSIS OR P. BRESCHNEIDERI

IL.S. Shin | Y.U. Shin | H.S. Hwang

71. EVALUATION OF FOUR FIRE BLIGHT-TOLERANT PEAR CULTIVARS AND SELECTIONS FOR COMMERCIAL PEAR PRODUCTION IN CANADA

D.M. Hunter | K.C. Slingerland

72. EFFECTS OF L-PROLINE FOLIAR APPLICATION ON THE QUALITY OF ‘KOSUI’ JAPANESE PEAR

M. Takeuchi | C. Arakawa | Y. Kuwahara | H. Gemma

73. NITROGEN AND BORON FERTILIZATION OF PEAR ORCHARDS OF THE PORTUGUESE CULTIVAR ‘ROCHA’

P.V. Jordão | F. Calouro | L. Duarte

74. CONTRIBUTION OF ‘ROCHA’ PEAR SENESCENT LEAVES TO NITROGEN CYCLING IN ORCHARDS

C. Neto | C. Carranca | I. Rocha | A. de Varennes | J. Clemente

75. CONTROLLING POST-HARVEST STORAGE PROBLEMS IN ‘CONCORDE’ PEAR WITH BORON APPLICATIONS

E.A. Mielke | M.H. Chaplin

76. ORCHARD MANAGEMENT STRATEGY INFLUENCES LEAF MINERAL ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS OF D’ANJOU PEAR

F.J. Peryea | J.E. Dunley

77. FOLIAR APPLICATION OF UREA DURING BLOOM INCREASES FRUIT SIZE IN ‘WILLIAMS’ PEARS

E.E. Sánchez | M. Curetti | D. Sugar

78. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF PEARS OF THE PORTUGUESE CULTIVAR ‘ROCHA’

F. Calouro | P. Jordão | L. Duarte

79. MINERAL COMPOSITION OF LEAF SAP AND ITS RELATION TO LEAF MORPHOLOGY IN PEAR CULTIVAR ‘ROCHA’

J.M.S. Martins | A. Garcia

80. EVALUATION OF PYRUS AND QUINCE ROOTSTOCKS FOR HIGH DENSITY PEAR ORCHARDS

F. Maas

81. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PEAR ROOTSTOCK AND COMPETITIVE ORCHARD SYSTEMS TRIALS

J. Turner | C.F. Seavert | T. Auvil

82. GROWTH AND YIELD OF ‘CONFERENCE’ PEARS GRAFTED ON QUINCE AND PEAR ROOTSTOCKS

R. Massai | F. Loreti | C. Fei

83. EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON RED COLOUR OF BI-COLOURED ‘FORELLE’ PEARS

S.C. Roberts | W.J. Steyn | M.S. North

84. PYRUS BETULIFOLIA IS THE BEST ROOTSTOCK FOR THE ‘COSCIA’ PEAR IN THE WARM CLIMATE OF ISRAEL

R.A. Stern

85. THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAR TREES OF THE CULTIVAR ‘PACKHAM’S TRIUMPH’ ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS IN THE PELOTAS REGION, RS, BRAZIL

C.L. Giacobbo | J.C. Fachinello | D. Pazzin | A.N. Gazolla

86. PEAR PRODUCTION ON ‘OLD HOME × FARMINGDALE’ (OHXF) INTERSTEM-ROOTSTOCK COMBINATIONS

E.A. Mielke | J. Turner | D. Sugar

87. DIFFICULT TO PROPAGATE PEAR ROOTSTOCKS: WILL THEY WORK AS INTERSTEMS?

E.A. Mielke | J. Turner

88. ‘TAIWAN NASHI-C’ AND ‘TAIWAN MAMENASHI’ (PYRUS CALLERYANA), NEW ROOTSTOCKS FOR QUINCE TREES

R. Pio | E.A. Chagas | W. Barbosa | A.A. Alvarenga | F.A. Entelmann

89. EVALUATION OF FOUR POTENTIALLY SIZE-CONTROLLING PEAR ROOTSTOCKS FOR COMMERCIAL PEAR PRODUCTION IN CANADA

K.C. Slingerland | D.M. Hunter

90. INVESTIGATIONS ON PEAR ROOTSTOCKS AT NORTH EUROPEAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

D. Kviklys | N. Kvikliene

91. INFLUENCE OF THE ROOTSTOCK EMLA–C ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF ‘ROCHA’ PEAR UNDER DIFFERENT RAISING METHODS – TWENTY YEARS OF RESULTS

A. Santos | R.S. Ribeiro | R. Castro | A. Silva | J.L. Lousada

92. TOWARDS THE SELECTION OF A NEW PEAR ROOTSTOCK: IN VITRO AND FIELD EVALUATION FOR TOLERANCE TO IRON CHLOROSIS, LOW VIGOR AND MICROPROPAGATION OF SELECTED CLONES

93. EVALUATION OF SELECTED OHXF PEAR ROOTSTOCKS IN THE ORCHARD

J. Kosina

94. IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT AND MULTIPLICATION OF PEAR ROOTSTOCKS

P.V.B. Quitério | D.M.P. Traquina | M.H.L. Alves

95. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF PEAR AND QUINCE ROOTSTOCKS USING HARDWOOD CUTTINGS

T. Necas | J. Kosina

96. INTERGENERIC GRAFTING OF PEAR CULTIVARS TO THE ‘JAPONÊS’ QUINCE TREE

R. Pio | E.A. Chagas | W. Barbosa | A.F.C. Tombolato | G. Signorini

97. INTERSPECIFIC AND INTERGENERIC PEAR, APPLE AND QUINCE GRAFTING USING PYRUS CALLERYANA AS ROOTSTOCK

R. Pio | E.A. Chagas | W. Barbosa | A.F.C. Tombolato | N.P. Feldberg

98. COLD STRATIFICATION OF SEEDS ‘TAIWAN NASHI-C’ AND ‘TAIWAN MAMENASHI’ PEAR TREE ROOTSTOCKS

R. Pio | E.A. Chagas | W. Barbosa | J.D. Ramos | E. Abrahão

99. ROOTING OF PEAR TREE SEMI-HARDWOOD CUTTINGS UNDER CONTROLLED ROOMS AND GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENTS

W. Barbosa | R. Pio | N.P. Feldberg | E.A. Chagas | C.V. Pommer

100. OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCING THE TIME NECESSARY TO OBTAIN TREES WITH INTERSTOCKS IN PEAR TREES

A. Baciu | G. Achim | S. Cosmulescu

101. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF HIGH DENSITY VERSUS STANDARD ORCHARD CONFIGURATIONS; CASE STUDY USING PERFORMANCE DATA FOR ‘GOLDEN RUSSET BOSC’ PEARS

R.B. Elkins | K. Klonsky | R. DeMoura | T.M. DeJong

102. PEAR PRUNING AND TRAINING FOR ECONOMICALLY SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION

D. Neri | G. Savini | F. Massetani | V. Giorgi | P. Sabbatini

103. EVALUATION OF TRAINING SYSTEMS FOR NASHI PEARS

J.L. Petri | G.B. Leite | C. Basso | F.J. Hawerrth

104. BIBAUM^®: A NEW TRAINING SYSTEM FOR PEAR ORCHARDS

S. Musacchi

105. A “JOINT TREE” TRAINING SYSTEM ENABLES EARLY RETURNS ON JAPANESE PEAR ORCHARDS

K. Shibata | K. Koizumi | T. Seki | I. Kitao | K. Matsushita

106. PEAR PRODUCTION UTILIZING CULTIVARS AS INTERSTEMS

E.A. Mielke | J. Turner | D. Sugar

107. GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF ‘DOYENNÉ DU COMICE’ PEAR TREES GROWN ON TWO ROOTSTOCKS AND TWO WATER REGIMES

C.L. Giacobbo | J.C. Fachinello | R. Massai | D. Remorini | F. Loreti

108. PERFORMANCE OF PEAR AND QUINCE ROOTSTOCKS WITH THREE CULTIVARS IN FOUR HIGH DENSITY TRAINING SYSTEMS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

T.L. Robinson

109. TRAINING AND FERTILISATION AS FACTORS OF INCREASED YIELD IN ‘ROCHA’ PEARS

D. Fialho | Z. Dionísio | J.M.S. Martins

110. EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON FRUIT SIZE AND QUALITY OF ‘ROCHA’ PEAR

J. Azevedo | R. Luz | H. Pereira | J.M.S. Martins

111. BEHAVIOUR STUDIES OF NEW STRAINS OF VENTURIA PIRINA ISOLATED FROM ‘CONFERENCE’ CULTIVAR ON A RANGE OF PEAR CULTIVARS

M. Chevalier | M. Tellier | Y. Lespinasse | M. Bruyninckx | S. Georgeault

112. EVALUATION OF NEW METHODS IN INTEGRATED CONTROL OF BROWN SPOT OF PEAR (STEMPHYLIUM VESICARIUM, TELEOMORPH PLEOSPORA ALLII)

I. Llorente | A. Vilardell | P. Vilardell | E. Montesinos

113. CONTROL OF ALTERNARIA ALTERNATE, CAUSAL AGENT OF DEAD (DORMANT) FLOWER BUD DISEASE OF PEAR

M. Wenneker | A.S. van Bruggen | L.T. Tjou-Tam-Sin | P. Vink

114. EXCLUSION OF THE INOCULUM SOURCE OF BROWN SPOT (STEMPHYLIUM VESICARIUM)

P.F. de Jong | B. Heijne

115. DEAD FLOWER BUDS ON ‘CONFERENCE’ PEAR TREES: PROPOSAL OF A SOLUTION

116. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALTERNATIVE PHEROMONE MATING DISRUPTION SYSTEM FOR CODLING MOTH MANAGEMENT IN CALIFORNIA PEARS

S. Welter | F. Cave

117. SPINETORAM – A SECOND GENERATION SPINOSYN INSECTICIDE FOR PEAR PEST MANAGEMENT

R.A. Van Steenwyk | J.E. Dunley

118. EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTICS AND COPPER COMPOUNDS IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA CONTROL IN SERBIA

E. Rekanovic | S. Milijasevic | N. Filajdic | V. Gavrilovic

119. EFFECT OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA INFECTION IN BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF DIFFERENT PEAR FRUITS

K. Honty | M. Hevesi | M. Tóth | E. Sárdi | E. Stefanovits-Bányai

120. FACTORS AFFECTING IN VITRO EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN PEAR GENOTYPES

121. EVALUATION OF FIRE BLIGHT CONTROL METHODS BASED ON PLANT DEFENCE INDUCERS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS

L. Ruz | J. Cabrefiga | A. Bonaterra | C. Moragrega | E. Montesinos

122. MOVEMENT OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA FROM FIRE BLIGHT CUTTINGS AFTER CHOPPING

C.A. Ingels | S.E. Lindow | R. Koutsoukis

123. LOW INCIDENCE OF FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES IN THE PEAR PRODUCTION OF NORTH PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA

A.C. Dobra | M.C. Sosa | M.C. Dussi

124. HOW TO OPTIMIZE THE VENTURIA PIRINA INOCULATION ON PEAR LEAVES IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS?

M. Chevalier | M. Tellier | Y. Lespinasse | V. Caffier

125. THE ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS TO REDUCE BLUE MOLD IN ‘ROCHA’ PEAR

126. SUGAR VARIATION IN ‘ROCHA’ PEARS AND PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM REDUCTION BY AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS

I.P. Pais | A.P. Ramos | M.G. Barreiro | M.J. Silva

127. CONTROL OF PHACIDIOPYCNIS ROT IN ‘D’ANJOU’ PEARS

C.L. Xiao | R.J. Boal

128. CHEMICAL CONTROL OF CACOPSYLLA PYRI L. IN SERBIAN PEAR ORCHARDS USING BIORATIONAL INSECTICIDES

D. Marcic | P. Peric | M. Prijovic | I. Ogurlic | G. Andric

129. MATING DISRUPTION AND CYDIA POMONELLA GRANULOSIS VIRUS FOR CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH IN PEAR

P.D. VanBuskirk | R.J. Hilton | J. Benbow | S. Basile

130. CONVERSION FROM USE OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES TO CODLING MOTH MATING DISRUPTION IN CALIFORNIA PEAR ORCHARDS

L.G. Varela | R.B. Elkins

131. TEMPERATURE AND NATURAL PARASITISM IN THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE PEAR PEST PHYLLONORYCTER CORYLIFOLIELLA HB.

L.B. Frăsin | A.C. Cosac | G. Teodorescu

132. PROGRESS TOWARDS CONTROL OF STORAGE SCALD IN ‘D’ANJOU’ PEARS

E. Kupferman

133. PREDICTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PEARS USING NON-INVASIVE FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUES

R. Valcke

134. MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF ‘ROCHA’ PEAR FOLLOWING STORAGE UNDER CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE

S.C. Fonseca | F.X. Malcata | A.C. Galvis-Sánchez

135. EFFECT OF 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE AND DIPHENYLAMINE ON STORAGE DISORDERS AND WATER-SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANTS OF ‘ROCHA’ PEAR

F.J.P. Silva | F. Fidalgo | M.H. Gomes | D.P.F. Almeida

136. CONSUMER EVALUATION OF ‘ABATE FETEL’ PEARS

S. Predieri | E. Gatti

137. QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF ¿ROCHA¿ PEAR AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: SENSORY EVALUATION AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY

A.S. Pinto | G. Barreiro | A. Fragata | P. Combris | E. Giraud-Héraud

138. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY AND SUPERFICIAL SCALD IN ‘ROCHA’ PEAR

N. Isidoro | D.P.F. Almeida

139. HARVEST DATE EFFECTS ON FRUIT QUALITY OF ‘ABBÉ FETEL’ PEARS

P.I. Garriz | H.L. Alvarez | G.M. Colavita

140. QUALITY OF SOME ASIAN PEAR (PYRUS SEROTINA REHD.) FRUIT IN RELATION TO PRE-HARVEST CACL₂, ZN AND B SPRAYS, HARVEST TIME, RIPENING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

H. Khoshghalb | K. Arzani | A. Tavakoli | M.J. Malakouti | M. Barzegar

141. EXPOSURE TO DIRECT SUNLIGHT DURING THE GROWING SEASON DELAYS POSTHARVEST SOFTENING OF ‘WILLIAMS’ PEARS AND IMPROVES THEIR RESPONSE TO 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE

M.D. Raffo | E.E. Sánchez | G.O. Sozzi

142. EFFECT OF 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON ‘ROCHA’ PEARS STORED UNDER NORMAL ATMOSPHERE CONDITIONS

143. PEAR DRYING: PERSPECTIVES FOR CONVECTIVE DRYING AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION

R.P.F. Guiné

144. MATURITY ASSESSMENT OF PYRUS COMMUNIS L. CV. ROCHA AT HARVEST AND ALONG COLD STORAGE THROUGH CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORESCENCE AND COLOUR PARAMETERS

J.C. Ramalho | I.P. Pais | M.G. Barreiro

145. EFFECT OF PEAR PRODUCTION SYSTEM ON VOLATILE AROMA CONSTITUENTS OF FRUITS

F. Rapparini | E. Gatti | S. Predieri | L. Cavicchi

146. ‘BLANQUILLA’ PEAR ACC OXIDASE. EFFECT OF CO₂ ON IN VIVO ACTIVITY

B. Vioque | J.M. Castellano

147. PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF PORTUGUESE PEAR CULTIVARS AFTER COLD STORAGE

C.J.O. Ribeiro | J.T. Cavalheiro | A.S.A. Santos | O. Meireles | D. Ponteira

148. THE IMPORTANCE OF REGIONAL PEAR CULTIVARS FOR THE PORTUGUESE CONSUMERS

O. Simões | J.V. Moreira | I. Dinis | A.D. Lopes

149. RIPENING OF ‘RADANA’ AND ‘CONFERENCE’ PEARS AS INFLUENCED BY COLD STORAGE DURATION

A. Wawrzynczak | K.P. Rutkowski | D.E. Kruczynska

150. PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION OF PEAR (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.) CV. ROCHA RIPENESS BY VISIBLE/NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

A.M. Cavaco | D. Antunes | J.M. da Silva | R. Guerra

151. EFFECT OF 1-MCP ON SHELF LIFE EXTENSION OF ‘WONHWANG’ PEARS