Articles
Impacts of temperature and forcing growing conditions on the occurrence of pistil doubling and double fruit in peaches
Article number
1352_61
Pages
445 – 452
Language
English
Abstract
The low-chill peach cultivars KU-PP1′ and KU-PP2′ were developed to produce early-season peach using the forcing culture.
However, these cultivars have a frequent problem of pistil doubling.
To effectively resolve this issue, understanding the process of floral bud formation and the factors inducing the formation of double pistils is vital.
Hence, we examined the timing of floral induction and double pistil formation in KU-PP1′ and KU-PP2′ grown in forcing culture and compared with cultivars grown in open field conditions for 2 years (2017 and 2018). Bud differentiation in the forced low-chill peach trees was first indicated in mid- or late June, earlier than in unforced trees, wherein it was first observed in early August.
Forced trees displayed a higher frequency of double pistil formation in autumn buds and flowers, and malformed fruits than unforced trees.
Additionally, KU-PP1′ exhibited a higher number of double pistils than KU-PP2′ in both years.
High temperature in summer led to an increased frequency of pistil doubling in the subsequent year.
Furthermore, the influence of temperature on double pistil formation in KU-PP1′ was elucidated under controlled conditions from September 29 to November 12, 2018. The air temperature in phytotron was varied at 20, 25, and 30°C. At an air temperature of 30°C, a marked increase in pistil doubling was observed.
Furthermore, high temperature retarded the progress of flower differentiation.
Pistil doubling was not only influenced by high-temperature exposure during bud development but also cultivar and growing conditions.
The findings of this study may assist in resolving the pistil-doubling problem and design proper cultural practices for low-chill peaches.
However, these cultivars have a frequent problem of pistil doubling.
To effectively resolve this issue, understanding the process of floral bud formation and the factors inducing the formation of double pistils is vital.
Hence, we examined the timing of floral induction and double pistil formation in KU-PP1′ and KU-PP2′ grown in forcing culture and compared with cultivars grown in open field conditions for 2 years (2017 and 2018). Bud differentiation in the forced low-chill peach trees was first indicated in mid- or late June, earlier than in unforced trees, wherein it was first observed in early August.
Forced trees displayed a higher frequency of double pistil formation in autumn buds and flowers, and malformed fruits than unforced trees.
Additionally, KU-PP1′ exhibited a higher number of double pistils than KU-PP2′ in both years.
High temperature in summer led to an increased frequency of pistil doubling in the subsequent year.
Furthermore, the influence of temperature on double pistil formation in KU-PP1′ was elucidated under controlled conditions from September 29 to November 12, 2018. The air temperature in phytotron was varied at 20, 25, and 30°C. At an air temperature of 30°C, a marked increase in pistil doubling was observed.
Furthermore, high temperature retarded the progress of flower differentiation.
Pistil doubling was not only influenced by high-temperature exposure during bud development but also cultivar and growing conditions.
The findings of this study may assist in resolving the pistil-doubling problem and design proper cultural practices for low-chill peaches.
Publication
Authors
P. Sikhandakasmita, I. Kataoka, R. Mochioka, K. Beppu
Keywords
flower bud differentiation, fruit malformation, Prunus species, reproductive organogenesis, temperature
Groups involved
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