Articles
Preliminary study on interploid crossing of apple (Malus × domestica) to obtain triploid genotypes
Article number
1412_39
Pages
251 – 260
Language
English
Abstract
Polyploidization is an important source of variability in plant breeding.
In the case of apple, it has been shown that triploid genotypes are characterized by many beneficial features that can make them superior to diploid cultivars, such as vigorous growth, high-quality large fruits and increased adaptability to biotic and abiotic stress factors.
The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the possibility of using synthetic autotetraploid (4x) forms of ‘Pinova’ and ‘Free Redstar’ apple cultivars in the crossings to develop triploid (3x) genotypes.
The diploid (2x) cultivar ‘Šampion’ was used as a pollinator in 4x×2x crosses.
Microscopic observations showed that the pollen grains of tetraploid forms of ‘Pinova’ and ‘Free Redstar’ were significantly larger but their viability and germination were reduced compared to that of diploid ‘Pinova’, ‘Free Redstar’ and ‘Šampion’. In the case of interploid crossings, in both crossing directions (2x×4x and 4x×2x), few pollen tubes were observed in the pistil.
As a result of ‘Pinova’ (4x) × ‘Šampion’ (2x) interploid cross-pollination, six seedlings were obtained, while all crosses ‘Free Redstar (4x) × ‘Šampion’ (2x) failed.
Evaluation of the obtained progeny by flow cytometry showed that five of the seedlings are triploid and one is tetraploid.
The genetic status of the seedlings analyzed by comparative profiling of SSR molecular markers confirmed that they originated from the parental forms used in the crosses.
In the case of apple, it has been shown that triploid genotypes are characterized by many beneficial features that can make them superior to diploid cultivars, such as vigorous growth, high-quality large fruits and increased adaptability to biotic and abiotic stress factors.
The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the possibility of using synthetic autotetraploid (4x) forms of ‘Pinova’ and ‘Free Redstar’ apple cultivars in the crossings to develop triploid (3x) genotypes.
The diploid (2x) cultivar ‘Šampion’ was used as a pollinator in 4x×2x crosses.
Microscopic observations showed that the pollen grains of tetraploid forms of ‘Pinova’ and ‘Free Redstar’ were significantly larger but their viability and germination were reduced compared to that of diploid ‘Pinova’, ‘Free Redstar’ and ‘Šampion’. In the case of interploid crossings, in both crossing directions (2x×4x and 4x×2x), few pollen tubes were observed in the pistil.
As a result of ‘Pinova’ (4x) × ‘Šampion’ (2x) interploid cross-pollination, six seedlings were obtained, while all crosses ‘Free Redstar (4x) × ‘Šampion’ (2x) failed.
Evaluation of the obtained progeny by flow cytometry showed that five of the seedlings are triploid and one is tetraploid.
The genetic status of the seedlings analyzed by comparative profiling of SSR molecular markers confirmed that they originated from the parental forms used in the crosses.
Authors
D. Wójcik, M. Marat, S. Keller-Przybyłkowicz, A. Marasek-Ciołakowska, M. Lewandowski, M. Podwyszyńska
Keywords
pollen viability, pollen germination, flow cytometry, ploidy level, SSR markers
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