Articles
Threat status of in situ genetic resources of Malus sieversii in Kazakhstan
Article number
1412_7
Pages
49 – 56
Language
English
Abstract
In the South-Eastern region of Kazakhstan, there are natural forests of the wild apple tree Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem., which is a source of unique genes for breeding program.
To preserve the gene pool and protect against harmful organisms, it is necessary to study and monitor the general condition and the presence of diseases and pests.
The studies were carried out in the vertical zones of the territory of the State Natural Parks of the Zhongar and Ile Alatau.
Monitoring plots with an area of 1 ha have been selected at altitudes from 1100 to 1731 m above sea level.
In the course of the research, common accepted in situ threat survey methods, as well as modern geographic information systems, were applied.
On the monitoring plots, censuses of trees damaged by common hops were carried out.
The research results showed that in the Zhongar Alatau (1100-1300 m a.s.l.) apple forests are affected by wild hops (Humulus lupulus L) up to 50% of the trees.
In the Ile Alatau, the percentage of damage is 33.8%. A digital map of the area has been compiled, modules for determining the places of damage by a weed have been developed.
It has been established that ordinary hop significantly affects the growth of annual shoots, reducing it to 12.9%, leaf surface area by 12.3%, yield by 13.5%. The intensity of photosynthesis and potential productivity decreases from 23 to 70%, depending on the degree of damage to the apple tree produced by invasive wild Humulus lupulus L.
To preserve the gene pool and protect against harmful organisms, it is necessary to study and monitor the general condition and the presence of diseases and pests.
The studies were carried out in the vertical zones of the territory of the State Natural Parks of the Zhongar and Ile Alatau.
Monitoring plots with an area of 1 ha have been selected at altitudes from 1100 to 1731 m above sea level.
In the course of the research, common accepted in situ threat survey methods, as well as modern geographic information systems, were applied.
On the monitoring plots, censuses of trees damaged by common hops were carried out.
The research results showed that in the Zhongar Alatau (1100-1300 m a.s.l.) apple forests are affected by wild hops (Humulus lupulus L) up to 50% of the trees.
In the Ile Alatau, the percentage of damage is 33.8%. A digital map of the area has been compiled, modules for determining the places of damage by a weed have been developed.
It has been established that ordinary hop significantly affects the growth of annual shoots, reducing it to 12.9%, leaf surface area by 12.3%, yield by 13.5%. The intensity of photosynthesis and potential productivity decreases from 23 to 70%, depending on the degree of damage to the apple tree produced by invasive wild Humulus lupulus L.
Authors
S. Soltanbekov, Zh. Dzhumanova, S. Dolgikh, E. Omarov, A. Seisenova, A. Popov, Zh. Isina, B. Kabylbekova
Keywords
wild apple, pests, common hops, plant protection, conservation
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