Articles
Production and breeding of bulbous plants and herbaceous perennials in Poland
Article number
1435_3
Pages
19 – 26
Language
English
Abstract
Poland has a decades-long tradition in the production, research and breeding of ornamental geophytes and herbaceous perennials, with modest gene resources of its own, especially geophytes, in nature.
Regarding bulbs production, tulips (Tulipa), narcissus (Narcissus), lilies (Lilium) and gladioli (Gladiolus) are the most important crops.
However, the total area devoted to ornamental geophytes, estimated at 1,200 ha in 2010, is on a downward trend.
The total area for all herbaceous ornamental crops in the ground including geophytes also records a slight decrease from 3,845 ha in 2016 to 3,801 ha in 2022. Despite the decrease in the area of bulb reproduction, the acreage occupied by forcing geophytes for cut flowers has increased in Poland.
Currently, it is estimated that tulips for cut flowers are grown on the area of 55 ha with a production of 180 million stems per year.
Small farms still grow tulips in traditional peat substrates in boxes or even in beds, but large farms have changed to the modern and automated hydroponic method in recent years.
In Poland, there is a growing market interest in both bulbous cut flowers and flower bulbs and perennials for planting in gardens and urban green areas.
A new and rapidly growing trend is the production of visually attractive perennials in containers for seasonal sale.
With the rapid development of online shopping in recent years, this distribution channel is also becoming increasingly important for bulbs and herbaceous perennials and is growing continuously.
The Polish market of geophytes and perennials is dominated by cultivars from breeding companies in Western Europe (mostly Dutch for bulbous crops) and the USA. Own breeding of ornamental geophytes and herbaceous perennials is very limited.
Poland is the clear leader in Europe in plant propagation by in vitro method.
At least five major laboratories produce perennials for the European market, the USA and Japan.
On the domestic market, novelties of perennials come through companies selling young plants.
These include Polish Vitroflora and giant global organizations such as Syngenta, Florensis, Volmary, and Selecta One.
Regarding bulbs production, tulips (Tulipa), narcissus (Narcissus), lilies (Lilium) and gladioli (Gladiolus) are the most important crops.
However, the total area devoted to ornamental geophytes, estimated at 1,200 ha in 2010, is on a downward trend.
The total area for all herbaceous ornamental crops in the ground including geophytes also records a slight decrease from 3,845 ha in 2016 to 3,801 ha in 2022. Despite the decrease in the area of bulb reproduction, the acreage occupied by forcing geophytes for cut flowers has increased in Poland.
Currently, it is estimated that tulips for cut flowers are grown on the area of 55 ha with a production of 180 million stems per year.
Small farms still grow tulips in traditional peat substrates in boxes or even in beds, but large farms have changed to the modern and automated hydroponic method in recent years.
In Poland, there is a growing market interest in both bulbous cut flowers and flower bulbs and perennials for planting in gardens and urban green areas.
A new and rapidly growing trend is the production of visually attractive perennials in containers for seasonal sale.
With the rapid development of online shopping in recent years, this distribution channel is also becoming increasingly important for bulbs and herbaceous perennials and is growing continuously.
The Polish market of geophytes and perennials is dominated by cultivars from breeding companies in Western Europe (mostly Dutch for bulbous crops) and the USA. Own breeding of ornamental geophytes and herbaceous perennials is very limited.
Poland is the clear leader in Europe in plant propagation by in vitro method.
At least five major laboratories produce perennials for the European market, the USA and Japan.
On the domestic market, novelties of perennials come through companies selling young plants.
These include Polish Vitroflora and giant global organizations such as Syngenta, Florensis, Volmary, and Selecta One.
Authors
D. Sochacki, T. Michalik, J. Treder
Keywords
flower bulbs, geophytes, in vitro laboratory, ornamental grasses, reproduction area
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