Genetically determined expression and inheritance of grapes resistance to pathogens as a manifestation of co-evolution

To date, the relationship of the patterns of inheritance of signs of resistance to pathogens with the biology of the pathogens themselves has not been fully investigated.
Genetically determined expression of resistance to Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator (Erysiphe necator), and Botrytis cinerea, the causing agents of downy mildew, powdery mildew (oidium), and gray rot, respectively, and the inheritance of this character in the F₁ progeny were established in grapes.
The nature of the inheritance of resistance to these pathogens in grapes seems to be identical even though they differ in the eco-geographical origin, biological characteristics, and the form of host-pathogen relations (obligate/facultative, pathogenic/saprophyte types). The inheritance of resistance obeys the principle of hypothetic heterosis, which means that the progeny does not contain forms with resistance superior to that of the more resistant parent but does contain forms with resistance surpassing the average level of resistance of the two initial forms.
Evidence was also gained in support of the theory suggesting that forms of grapes with resistance to pathogens emerge only in the course of long-term co-evolution of the biological objects.
Basic principles of grape breeding were established and confirmed by the findings arising from the search of initial forms of grapes and by the highlighted regularities governing the inheritance of resistance to pathogens in the grapes.

I International Conference and X National Horticultural Science Congress of Iran (IrHC2017)

V.A. Volynkin, S.V. Levchenko, I.A. Vasylyk

grapes, F₁ hybrids, populations, hydrological analysis, obligate pathogen, saprophyte, polyphage, cosmopolite

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1315.50