Articles
Oryzalin-induced polyploidy of woody shrubs
Article number
1434_39
Pages
283 – 288
Language
English
Abstract
Native woody plant species diversity is extremely low in the central United States.
Many of the available trees and shrubs in the nursery trade are non-native introductions.
Many non-native plants have been shown to be invasive to introduced environments.
Breeding efforts with ornamental woody plants have been ongoing to develop sterile selections of non-native species that have shown to be invasive.
One successful method is using induced polyploidy to develop sterile polyploids and triploids.
This is accomplished by inducing tetraploids and utilizing them in backcrossing with the invasive diploid.
Selections are made from the resulting cross that are triploid with induced sterility as a result.
To induce tetraploids, chromosome doubling must occur.
Chromosome doubling was traditionally accomplished using colchicine which acts by disrupting microtubular structure of dividing cells.
Another method of chromosome doubling utilizes dinitroaniline herbicides, such as oryzalin.
Oryzalin has been found to bind more specifically to plant tubulin, more effective at lower concentrations, and less toxic than colchicine.
Two different genera were evaluated for polyploid induction, Spiraea (four species – S. betulifolia, S. × bumalda, S. japonica, and S. nipponica) and Euonymus (two species – E. bungeanus and E. turkestanicus). Two different methods of oryzalin application were evaluated; Spiraea spp. were treated in the greenhouse using a foliar spray of oryzalin while Euonymus spp. were treated in vitro with oryzalin solutions.
Both methods of oryzalin application successfully produced polyploids (tetraploids). Tetraploid induction for foliar sprayed Spiraea spp. were highest with S. japonica and S. nipponica resulting in 50 and 40% polyploid induction respectively.
In vitro tetraploid induction was successful only with E. turkestanicus (10% induction) and not E. bungeanus. This research indicates that oryzalin can be an effective polyploid inducer for tetraploid production to be utilized for future triploid sterility breeding efforts.
Many of the available trees and shrubs in the nursery trade are non-native introductions.
Many non-native plants have been shown to be invasive to introduced environments.
Breeding efforts with ornamental woody plants have been ongoing to develop sterile selections of non-native species that have shown to be invasive.
One successful method is using induced polyploidy to develop sterile polyploids and triploids.
This is accomplished by inducing tetraploids and utilizing them in backcrossing with the invasive diploid.
Selections are made from the resulting cross that are triploid with induced sterility as a result.
To induce tetraploids, chromosome doubling must occur.
Chromosome doubling was traditionally accomplished using colchicine which acts by disrupting microtubular structure of dividing cells.
Another method of chromosome doubling utilizes dinitroaniline herbicides, such as oryzalin.
Oryzalin has been found to bind more specifically to plant tubulin, more effective at lower concentrations, and less toxic than colchicine.
Two different genera were evaluated for polyploid induction, Spiraea (four species – S. betulifolia, S. × bumalda, S. japonica, and S. nipponica) and Euonymus (two species – E. bungeanus and E. turkestanicus). Two different methods of oryzalin application were evaluated; Spiraea spp. were treated in the greenhouse using a foliar spray of oryzalin while Euonymus spp. were treated in vitro with oryzalin solutions.
Both methods of oryzalin application successfully produced polyploids (tetraploids). Tetraploid induction for foliar sprayed Spiraea spp. were highest with S. japonica and S. nipponica resulting in 50 and 40% polyploid induction respectively.
In vitro tetraploid induction was successful only with E. turkestanicus (10% induction) and not E. bungeanus. This research indicates that oryzalin can be an effective polyploid inducer for tetraploid production to be utilized for future triploid sterility breeding efforts.
Authors
T.P. West
Keywords
Euonymus spp., Spiraea spp., spirea, sterility breeding, tetraploid
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