Articles
Oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) cultivation and rose oil sector in Türkiye
Article number
1461_21
Pages
187 – 196
Language
English
Abstract
The oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is the leading fragrant rose species for essential oil, widely cultivated in Türkiye (notably Isparta, Burdur, Afyonkarahisar, Denizli) and Bulgaria.
Global annual rose oil production is around 5.0-5.5 t.
In 2024, Türkiye harvested 19,318 t of fresh roses from 4,137 ha, yielding 4,670 kg ha‑1. Rose oil output rose by 133.56% since 2015, reaching 2,120 kg in 2024, with additional by-products like 13,000 kg rose concretes and 2,100 kg rose absolutes.
Beyond essential oils, roses are also used in food, medicine, and cleaning products.
Harvesting occurs from May to early July, depending on altitude (800-1,600 m) and climate.
Turkish standards (TS 1040:1971) specify major components such as citronellol (36.5-54.6%), geraniol (7.8-23.5%), nerol (4.6-10.2%), methyl eugenol (1.2-3.3%), nonalaldehyde (0.6-2.0%), citronellal (0.4-1.2%), linalool (1.1-3.1%), citronellyl acetate (1.3-1.9%), citral (1.6-2.0%), geranyl acetate (1.5-2.0%), eugenol (0.0-0.8%), ethanol (0.2-0.9%), β-phenylethanol (1.2-1.9%) and farnesol (0.2-1.6%). This study summarizes oil rose cultivation, extraction processes, chemical composition, and product applications in Türkiye.
Global annual rose oil production is around 5.0-5.5 t.
In 2024, Türkiye harvested 19,318 t of fresh roses from 4,137 ha, yielding 4,670 kg ha‑1. Rose oil output rose by 133.56% since 2015, reaching 2,120 kg in 2024, with additional by-products like 13,000 kg rose concretes and 2,100 kg rose absolutes.
Beyond essential oils, roses are also used in food, medicine, and cleaning products.
Harvesting occurs from May to early July, depending on altitude (800-1,600 m) and climate.
Turkish standards (TS 1040:1971) specify major components such as citronellol (36.5-54.6%), geraniol (7.8-23.5%), nerol (4.6-10.2%), methyl eugenol (1.2-3.3%), nonalaldehyde (0.6-2.0%), citronellal (0.4-1.2%), linalool (1.1-3.1%), citronellyl acetate (1.3-1.9%), citral (1.6-2.0%), geranyl acetate (1.5-2.0%), eugenol (0.0-0.8%), ethanol (0.2-0.9%), β-phenylethanol (1.2-1.9%) and farnesol (0.2-1.6%). This study summarizes oil rose cultivation, extraction processes, chemical composition, and product applications in Türkiye.
Authors
S. Kazaz, S. Erbaş
Keywords
oil-bearing rose, rose oil, citronellol, geraniol, quality
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