Articles

EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL HARVESTING AND AN ABSCISSION AGENT ON PEEL INTEGRITY AND POSTHARVEST DECAY OF LATE-SEASON ‘VALENCIA’

Article number
934_3
Pages
53 – 59
Language
English
Abstract
In Florida, the combined use of mechanical harvesters and the abscission agent 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (CMNP) for late-season harvesting (May-June) of ‘Valencia’ oranges has shown to be effective at removing mature fruit with minimal adverse effects on next year’s crop.
However, CMNP can cause fruit peel scaring, and no data were available on how this affects peel integrity and potential losses due to fruit crushing and/or decay prior to processing.
In this study, three late-season harvest dates were tested in commercial groves during 2009. Harvesting treatments consisted of combinations of two mechanical harvester ground speeds (0.8 and 1.6 km per hour), two harvester shaker head frequencies (145 and 185 cycles per minute) and CMNP foliar applications (3 days prior to harvesting) at 250 mg L-1 in a spray volume of 2810 L ha-1, plus mechanically harvested and hand picked controls.
After harvesting, fruit samples were randomly collected from each block for peel resistance and postharvest decay evaluations.
Peel resistance was determined by measuring both peel puncture force and fruit crush force (kg). Fruit used to study post-harvest decay were stored at 27°C and 50% relative humidity and evaluated daily for 8 days.
The results showed that peel resistance was not affected by mechanical harvesting combinations or CMNP application.
Low correlations were found between fruit crush force and fruit weight, with a tendency to higher peel resistance in heavier fruit.
No significant effects on post-harvest decay were found for any treatment as compared to handpicked controls until day 3 of storage.
CMNP caused a significant increase (4-5%) of post-harvest decay by day 8. The results indicate that CMNP can be safely used in combination with late-season mechanical harvesting under the conditions described in this study, without losses due to fruit crushing or decay for at least 3 days.

Publication
Authors
L. Pozo, I. Kostenyuk, J.K. Burns , T.M. Spann
Keywords
Citrus sinensis, CMNP, mechanical harvesting, fruit puncture force, burst force
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