Articles

CHARACTERIZATION OF AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS, A PROMISING BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR POSTHARVEST DISEASES

Article number
934_42
Pages
335 – 342
Language
English
Abstract
In the last decades, biological control of postharvest diseases has become an important field of research.
Postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables, occurring during storage, transportation and commercialization, has a considerable economic impact on the economy of agro-producer countries.
Many substitutes for chemicals have been proposed to control postharvest diseases; however, biological control using antagonists has proved to be one of the most promising alternatives.
In studies already performed by our group, about 32 isolates of epiphytic microorganisms occurring on ‘Rocha’ pear leaves and fruits were collected.
The yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans revealed an important biocontrol activity, both in vitro and in vivo, of Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea. The results obtained showed that, under optimum growth conditions, the antagonist was able to reduce the proliferation of P. expansum by 85-95%. To better characterize this antagonist, a molecular analysis was performed.
For this, a fragment of rDNA including ITS regions was amplified and sequenced.
Analysis of the DNA sequences confirmed the ‘Rocha’ isolate as A. pullulans var. pullulans. Currently ‘Rocha’ pear is harvested and stored in controlled atmosphere conditions.
Thus, the effect of different concentrations of O2 (2, 4, 21%) on the growth of A. pullulans was analyzed in vivo.
After 7 days of incubation, in comparison with the control grown at 21% O2, cfu reduction was approximately 21% for 2% O2 and only 7% for 4% O2. Under cold storage conditions A. pullulans controlled blue mold by 56% and grey mold by 85%. The yeast population remained stable during storage.
Our results point out A. pullulans as a good candidate for the control of postharvest diseases on pears under storage conditions.

Publication
Authors
C. Sánchez , M. Graça Barreiro, M.M. Ferreira-Pinto
Keywords
biological control, yeast like-fungus, epiphytic antagonist, Penicillium expansum, postharvest fungal diseases, ‘Rocha’ pear
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