Articles
Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of leaf extracts of Oberonia ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl. and O. mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod (Orchidaceae)
Article number
1455_33
Pages
275 – 286
Language
English
Abstract
Oberonia ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl. and O. mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod (Orchidaceae) are ethnomedicinally important plants used by traditional healers of Andhra Pradesh to treat skin-related ailments.
The present investigation aims to study the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of O. ensiformis and O. mucronata leaf extracts.
Fresh leaves of both plants were collected from the forest regions of Andhra Pradesh, shade-dried, powdered and subjected to cold extraction using various solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and distilled water). Phytochemical profiling has been carried out using standard qualitative and quantitative tests to detect the presence of phytocompounds.
Antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays.
The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using the agar well diffusion method.
The results revealed that the methanol leaf extract of O. ensiformis contains a rich presence of phytochemicals.
The above-mentioned extract also showed a higher alkaloid content (1.16±0.12 mg g-1), high phenolic content (389.10±0.12 µg mg-1 of gallic acid equivalent), and high flavonoid content (76.02±0.09 µg mg-1 of quercetin equivalent). Further, the same extract also exhibited higher antioxidant activity in both DPPH (IC50 = 13.43±0.29 µg mL-1) and FRAP (IC50 = 97.67±0.67 µg mL-1) assays.
In contrast, the methanol leaf extract of O. mucronata displayed superior antibacterial activity, showing larger zones of inhibition, especially against Staphylococcus aureus (14.52±1.02 mm) and Escherichia coli (13.52±0.17 mm) at 1 mg mL-1 concentration.
These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of O. ensiformis and O. mucronata as natural sources of antioxidants and antibacterial agents.
The results of this study strongly support the continued use of the plant extracts in traditional medicine and recommend their applicability in developing plant-based pharmaceuticals.
The present investigation aims to study the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of O. ensiformis and O. mucronata leaf extracts.
Fresh leaves of both plants were collected from the forest regions of Andhra Pradesh, shade-dried, powdered and subjected to cold extraction using various solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and distilled water). Phytochemical profiling has been carried out using standard qualitative and quantitative tests to detect the presence of phytocompounds.
Antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays.
The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using the agar well diffusion method.
The results revealed that the methanol leaf extract of O. ensiformis contains a rich presence of phytochemicals.
The above-mentioned extract also showed a higher alkaloid content (1.16±0.12 mg g-1), high phenolic content (389.10±0.12 µg mg-1 of gallic acid equivalent), and high flavonoid content (76.02±0.09 µg mg-1 of quercetin equivalent). Further, the same extract also exhibited higher antioxidant activity in both DPPH (IC50 = 13.43±0.29 µg mL-1) and FRAP (IC50 = 97.67±0.67 µg mL-1) assays.
In contrast, the methanol leaf extract of O. mucronata displayed superior antibacterial activity, showing larger zones of inhibition, especially against Staphylococcus aureus (14.52±1.02 mm) and Escherichia coli (13.52±0.17 mm) at 1 mg mL-1 concentration.
These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of O. ensiformis and O. mucronata as natural sources of antioxidants and antibacterial agents.
The results of this study strongly support the continued use of the plant extracts in traditional medicine and recommend their applicability in developing plant-based pharmaceuticals.
Authors
R. Mohammad, R. Jujjuvarapu
Keywords
Orchidaceae, Oberonia, phytochemicals, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
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