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Articles

EFFECT OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND OZONE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS OF ICEBERG LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA VAR. CAPITATA) IN SIMULATED POSTHARVEST HANDLING IN THE BOGOTA SABANA, COLOMBIA

Article number
906_22
Pages
177 – 182
Language
Spanish
Abstract
The iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) suffers fast postharvest deterioration due to the presence of microorganisms, reactions of enzymes, inappropriate handling, among others.
In this context, postharvest treatments are necessary to avoid the fast deterioration of these vegetables, extend shelf life and decrease the amount of losses.
In Colombia, currently there is no suitable protocol for postharvest handling of lettuce cultivar ‘Batavia’, which prevents producers from assuring high product quality.
It is thought that postharvest losses of lettuce can reach values ranging from 20 to 30%. Lettuce is considered of value due to its freshness and its high content of water, in addition, lettuce is a low energetic food.
Furthermore, lettuce has minerals, fiber and substances with antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties.
Nevertheless, lettuce can represent a potential danger for human health because it may carry clinical pathogens.
This work allows to determine changes in nutritional and microbiological parameters of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata), when applying treatments of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone (O3), two common disinfection treatments.
In this work the physico-chemical (acidity, soluble solids) and functional (phenolics and antioxidant activity) characteristics were measured, as well as native microbial population (aerobic) under simulated transportation: 67% HR, 18°C, 12 h (transport from harvest site to cold storage, treatment and packing house); 85% RH, 24 h storage at 10°C (waiting time in distribution center), 11 d at 3°C (shipping) and 6 d at 6°C (storage at retail shelf), simulating the conditions of post-harvest management at the Sabana de Bogotá. The vegetable material was subjected to various disinfection treatments including dioxide concentrations at 3 ppm, ozone at 0.34 ppm, and water (control) for 30 s.
The results showed a significant reduction (1,17 log) that can be achieved, in 6 h after treatment with any of the two sanitizers.
Moreover, an increase in phenolic compounds in treated lettuces was observed, subsequently increasing the antioxidant activity.
It is possible to conclude that using chlorine dioxide and ozone as disinfectant treatments improves nutritional quality, while reduce microbial content in ‘Batavia’ lettuce grown in the Sabana of Bogota, Colombia.

En Colombia, la lechuga batavia no es sometida a tratamientos poscosecha, por consiguiente, sufre alteraciones que afectan su calidad y cuenta con un escaso tiempo de vida de anaquel.
Este trabajo permite conocer el comportamiento de parámetros nutricionales y microbiológicos de lechuga batavia (Lactuca sativa var. capitata), aplicando dióxido de cloro (ClO2) y ozono (O3) como tratamientos de desinfección.
El seguimiento se realizó simulando las condiciones de manejo poscosecha en la Sabana de Bogotá: etapas de recolección, selección (y), tratamiento, transporte al centro de acopio, transporte marítimo hasta el destino y almacenamiento en anaquel, fueron realizadas durante 19 días.
Se determinó acidez titulable, sólidos solubles, contenido de compuestos fenólicos, actividad antioxidante y población microbiana de mesófilos nativos.
Las lechugas fueron sometidas a procesos independientes de desinfección mediante inmersión del tallo en soluciones de ClO2 3 mg/L, O3 0,34 mg/L y agua (control), durante 30 seg.
Como resultados se encontró una reducción significativa (1.17 unidades logarítmicas) de la población de microorganismos nativos luego del tratamiento; a pesar de que los microorganismos aumentan a medida que se deteriora el producto, se mantuvieron valores menores en los materiales desinfectados, hasta los 14 primeros días del experimento.
Relacionado con parámetros fisicoquímicos, las muestras tratadas con dióxido de cloro presentarón un grado de acidez aproximadamente constante durante todo el experimento.
Las lechugas tratadas con ozono y control (solo agua) presentaron un aumento de acidez durante la etapa de 3°C, probablemente causado por la proliferación de los microorganismos.
En las propiedades nutracéuticas se observó un aumento en el contenido de fenólicos en lechugas tratadas en etapa de anaquel, lo que ocasionó una elevación en la actividad antioxidante.
Se puede concluir que el uso de ClO2 y O3 en poscosecha, favorece la conservación de la calidad de la lechuga batavia bajo las condiciones de manejo en la sabana de Bogotá.

Publication
Authors
L. Serrato, L. Rincón, Y. Piñeros-Castro
Keywords
postharvest lettuce, phenolics, antioxidant activity, desinfection
Full text
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