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Articles

STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF GREENHOUSE CLADDING MATERIALS

Article number

148_85

Pages

657 – 662

Language

Abstract

If insulating greenhouse cladding materials are to be adopted in practice in a justified way, it must first be established by research whether a given material has enough bending stiffness and impact strength.
The effect of ageing should also be taken into account.

In my first paper I have been dealing with the physical aspects of different insulating materials.

In the present paper I want to summarize the present position and the results of research on the strength and durability of both plastics materials and glass products.
Let us begin with the latter.

Publication

III International Symposium on Energy in Protected Cultivation

Authors

D. Waaijenberg

Keywords

Full text

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1984.148.85

Online Articles (120)

2. ENERGY PERSPECTIVES FOR CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE OF THE FUTURE*

W.L. Roller

3. BREEDING FOR LOW ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN GLASSHOUSE CROPS

L. Smeets

4. AN OVERVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN GREENHOUSE INDUSTRY

W.L. Bauerle | Ted H. Short

5. EVALUATION OF POLYTUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR GREENHOUSE VENTILATION

E. Brundrett | D.A. Lawson | T.J. Jewett | R. Quist

6. BENCHHEATING FOR POTPLANT OR CUTFLOWER PRODUCTION

P.A. van Weel

7. HEATED FLOORS WITH A FLOODED WATERING SYSTEM

C.'t Hart | B.J. Heyna | P. van Tongeren | P. van Weel

8. INFRARED HEATING IN GREENHOUSES

P. Knies | N.J. van de Braak | J.J.G. Breuer

9. MOBILE HYDROPONIC FOR ENERGY SAVING

F. Massantini | G. Magnani

10. GREENHOUSE TOMATO PRODUCTION IN A MOVABLE CABLE SUPPORTED GROWING SYSTEM

Gene A. Giacomelli | W. J. Roberts | David R. Mears | Harry W. Janes

11. LOWERING HEATING COSTS PER ROSE THROUGH INCREASED PRODUCTION BY USE OF MOVABLE BENCHES

G.A. van den Berg

12. RESEARCH ON ENERGY-SAVING MODIFICATIONS OF FORCING METHODS FOR BULBOUS PLANTS

W.J. de Munk

13. ENERGY SAVING AT IRIS FORCING BY SMOKE-TREATED BULBS

J.A. Schipper

14. SOME APPLICATION OF FLOOR HEATING IN COMMERCIAL OHIO GREENHOUSES

M.F. Brugger

15. GREENHOUSE ENERGY CONSERVATION IN A COLD NORTHERN CLIMATE

Clive A. Schaupmeyer

16. AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENERGY ALTERNATIVES AFTER ENERGY SAVINGS

A.P. Verhaegh

17. COOLING BY NIGHT SKY RADIATION

B.A. Kimball

18. THE FUTURE FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY USE IN COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSES IN THE UNITED STATES

L. Icerman | D. Cotter

19. COGENERATION OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY FOR GREENHOUSE USE

M. S. Giniger | David R. Mears

20. CLOSED SYSTEM COOLING OF A GREENHOUSE IN AN ARID ZONE CLIMATE

R.J. Fuller | C.P. Meyer

21. DEVELOPMENTS IN SWEDISH GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION FOR THE PURPOSE OF LOWER ENERGY COSTS

B. Landgren

22. THE UTILIZATION OF WASTE (AND/OR ALTERNATIVE) HEAT RESOURCES FOR GREENHOUSE HEATING IN NORTHERN JAPAN

I. Horiguchi

23. SURFACE-HEATING GREENHOUSES WITH REJECT WARM WATER

P.N. Walker

24. THE UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH-TEXACO REJECT HEAT GREENHOUSE RESEARCH PROJECT AT NANTICOKE, ONTARIO, CANADA

H. Tiessen

25. THE FEASIBILITY OF GREENHOUSE HEATING WITH REJECT HEAT IN WEST GERMANY

B. von Elsner

26. ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE OF A 1.1 HECTARE WASTE-HEATED GREENHOUSE

T.O. Manning | M.B. Buganski II | D.R. Mears

27. UTILIZATION OF EXTRACT AND REJECT HEAT FOR GREENHOUSE HEATING IN THE NETHERLANDS

A. Sonneveld

28. OPTIMIZATION OF A WASTE HEAT SYSTEM FOR A GREENHOUSE HEATED BY WARM WATER FROM AN OIL REFINERY

E.A. Maginnes | G.H. Green

29. HISTORY AND STATUS OF SELECTED WASTE HEAT GREENHOUSE PROJECTS

J.S. Hietala | G.C. Ashley

30. GREENHOUSE HEATING WITH LOW TEMPERATURE REJECT HEAT FROM A PETROCHEMICAL PLANT

T. D. Ellis

31. CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR CLIMATE CONTROL OF GREENHOUSES

M. Parlitz

32. ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF GREENHOUSE CLIMATE

H.-J. Tantau

33. OPTIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF GREENHOUSE CLIMATE FOR CUCUMBER GROWTH BY MEANS OF ‘LEARNING CONTROL METHOD’

Y. Harazono | T. Taenaka | K. Yabuki

34. ON OPTIMAL COMPUTER CONTROL OF THE CROP GROWTH SYSTEM

A.J. Udink ten Cate | H. Challa

35. NEW MODELS FOR GREENHOUSE CLIMATE CONTROL

A.J. Udink ten Cate | J. van de Vooren

36. SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSES IN ENERGY CONSERVATIVE GREENHOUSES

Y. Hashimoto | B.R. Strain | T. Morimoto | T. Fukuyama

37. PLANT WATER RELATIONS MONITORING TO SERVE GREENHOUSE CLIMATE CONTROL

P.A.M. Hopmans | H.E. Schouwink | A. de Koning | Th.H. Gieling | W.Th.M. van Meurs

38. DAMAGE TO CLIMATE CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND CROP CAUSED BY LIGHTNING

Th.H. Gielen | W.Th.M. van Meurs

39. KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND HIERARCHICALLY DISTRIBUTED ONLINE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT

T. HOSHI | T. KOZAI

40. PROCESS CONTROL, ENERGY REDUCTION AND DATA ACQUISITION OF A FULLY PROGRAMMABLE GREENHOUSE COMPUTER

E.M. Van Zinderen Bakker | J.M. Molnar | A. Mackenzie | G. Monk

41. CROP MANAGEMENT BY INTELLIGENT COMPUTER SYSTEMS

T. Takakura | H. Shono | T. Hojo

42. THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE HEAT LOSSES FROM CONVENTIONAL AND SLOPING GREENHOUSES

N. Zamir | G. Medan | A. Arbel | N. Levav

43. WIND TUNNEL TESTING ON AIRFLOW AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF A NATURALLY VENTILATED GREENHOUSE

S. Sase | T. Takakura | M. Nara

44. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CURVES OF GREENHOUSE HEAT REQUIREMENTS

N.J. van de Braak | J.J.G. Breuer | B.J. Heyna

45. A METHOD TO DETERMINE VENTILATION IN GREENHOUSES

E.M. Nederhoff | J. van de Vooren | A.J. Udink ten Cate

46. CO₂ DEPLETION IN GREENHOUSES

G. Heij | A.H.C.M. Schapendonk

47. MODELING THERMAL MASS EFFECTS IN COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSES

L.D. Albright

48. THERMAL ANALYSIS OF GREENHOUSES WITH HEAT TRANSFER MATRIX AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

K. Tachibana | H. Minagawa

49. HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER IN HEATED GREENHOUSE SOILS AND FLOORS

D.L. Elwell | W.L. Roller | T.H. Short

50. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A CIRCUIT SOIL WARMING PIPE SYSTEM

Alan H. Merbaum | I. Segal

51. METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR VENTILATION RATE MEASUREMENTS

M. Goedhart | E.M. Nederhoff | A.J. Udink ten Cate | G.P.A. Bot

52. AN OPTICAL LIQUID FILTER GREENHOUSE : NUMERICAL SOLUTION AND VERIFICATION OF A THERMODYNAMIC MODEL

M.J. Tross | A. Ziv | D. Degani | R. Kopel

53. LIMITING THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN INSULATED GREENHOUSES AT NIGHT

B.J. Bailey

54. SIMULATION OF GREENHOUSE FLOOR HEATING WITH A COGENERATION UNIT

D. Mears | M. Giniger | T. Manning | B. Ekholt

55. NEW MATERIALS & DEVELOPMENTS FOR LIQUID FOAM GREENHOUSE INSULATION & SHADING

W. A. Cunningham

56. EVALUATION OF MOVABLE THERMAL SCREENS IN COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSES

Chr. v. Zabeltitz | J. Meyer

57. TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THERMAL SCREENING SYSTEMS

H. Meinders | H.W. Vahl | C.A.J. Middendorp

58. STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING GREENHOUSE THERMAL SCREENS

L.S. Marsh | L.D. Albright | R.W. Langhans

59. A DOUBLE-PLASTIC GREENHOUSE WITH A POLYSTYRENE-PELLET ENERGY SCREEN AND FLOOR HEATING FOR WINTER TOMATO PRODUCTION*

D.L. Elwell | T.H. Short | R.P. Fynn

60. AN AIR-INFLATED-TUBE ENERGY SCREEN FOR GREENHOUSES^*

T.H. Short | J. Huizing | J.J. Breuer

61. PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMAL CO₂-CONTROL IN PROTECTED CULTIVATION

A.H.C.M. Schapendonk | P. Gaastra

62. COMPENSATING REDUCED LUMINOSITY BY CONDITIONING THE CLIMATE IN HORTIPLUS GLASSHOUSES FOR TOMATOES

F. BENOIT | J. VAN LOOY | W. BAETS | N. CEUSTERMANS

63. SHADING EFFECTS ON GREENHOUSE TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS

I.E. Smith | M.J. Savage | P. Mills

64. QUANTIFICATION OF EFFECTS OF LIGHT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSES ON YIELD.

H. Challa | A.H.C.M. Schapendonk

65. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT INSULATION MATERIALS IN GLASSHOUSE WALLS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF TOMATOES

K. Buitelaar | G.P.A. van Holsteijn | G.W.H. Welles | C.M.M. van Winden

66. EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN VENTILATION ON CUCUMBER

J.C. Bakker

67. LIGHT INTERCEPTION OF A CUCUMBER CROP AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH

E.M. Nederhoff

68. WATER VAPOUR TRANSPORT FROM A GREENHOUSE BY VENTILATION I: EFFECTS ON CLIMATE

J.C. Bakker | J. van de Vooren

69. WATER VAPOUR TRANSPORT FROM A GREENHOUSE BY VENTILATION. II: EFFECTS ON CUCUMBER

J.C. Bakker

70. THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE PATTERNS HAVING THE SAME INTEGRAL ON THE EARLINESS AND YIELD OF TOMATOES

R.G. Hurd | C.J. Graves

71. PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF CUTFLOWERS AND POTPLANTS GROWN IN GREENHOUSES COVERED WITH ENERGY SAVING DOUBLE LAYER MATERIALS

F. Steinbuch | J. van de Vooren

72. ENERGY SAVING TEMPERATURE REGIMES FOR VEGETABLE GROWING

E. Kooistra

73. COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE GLASS GREENHOUSES ON ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLES

C.M.M. van Winden | J.A.M. van Uffelen | G.W.H. Welles

74. EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND CO₂ ON THE GROWTH OF YOUNG TOMATO AND CARNATION PLANTS

G.T. Bruggink

75. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND FLOWER PRODUCTION OF GERBERA CULTIVARS

L. Leffring

76. INFLUENCE OF HIGHER NIGHT THAN DAY TEMPERATURES ON THE WINTERPRODUCTION OF ‘SONIA’ ROSES UNDER DUTCH GLASSHOUSE CONDITIONS

G.A. van den Berg

77. EFFECTS OF CO₂ CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF GLASSHOUSE VEGETABLE CROPS

G. Heij | J.A.M. van Uffelen

78. EFFECTS OF CO₂ CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH OF LETTUCE

G. Heij | J.A.M. van Uffelen

79. SELECTING GREENHOUSE NIGHT TEMPERATURES FOR TOMATO SEEDLINGS

I. Seginer | M. Raviv

80. COMPARATIVE TOMATO GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD IN TWIN-WALL PVC PANEL AND SINGLE GLASS GREENHOUSE

A.P. Papadopoulos | T.J. Jewett

81. PLANT RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT PLASTIC GREENHOUSE COVERS

J. Ferare | K.L. Goldsberry

82. CARBON DIOXIDE DEPLETION EFFECTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENT GREENHOUSES

W. L. Bauerle | Ted H. Short

83. COMPARATIVE ENERGY USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF A TWIN-WALL PVC PANEL AND SINGLE GLASS GREENHOUSE

T.J. Jewett | A.P. Papadopoulos

84. USE OF DOUBLE CLADDING TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE HEAT LOSS

T. O'Flaherty | J. Grant

85. RESEARCH ON INSULATING GREENHOUSE CLADDING MATERIALS

D. Waaijenberg

86. STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF GREENHOUSE CLADDING MATERIALS

D. Waaijenberg

87. AGRONOMIC AND RADIOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GREENHOUSE MATERIALS

J. NIJSKENS | J. DELTOUR | A. NISEN | S. COUTISSE

88. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS CREATED BY PLASTIC GREENHOUSE COVERS

J. Ferare | K.L. Goldsberry

89. DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY SAVING GREENHOUSE CONCEPTIONS

G. Weimann

90. EVALUATION OF AN AIR CONDITIONING WATER CHILLER/HEAT PUMP SYSTEM WITH HEAT STORAGE FOR SOLAR HEATING OF GREENHOUSES

T.J. Jewett | H.A. Jackson | L. Bruno | M.B. Shaw | C.A. McGugan

91. GREENHOUSE OPTIONS FOR SOUTHERN AUSTRALIAN CONDITIONS

G.J. Connellan

92. THE EFFICIENCY OF THE WATER BAG SOLAR COLLECTOR

L. Murakami | M. Nara | K. Sakurai

93. THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR-CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE SYSTEM

G.H. Stickford | D.K. Landstrom | F.E. Jakob | W.H. Wilkinson | S.G. Talbert

94. PERFORMANCE AND COST ANALYSIS OF AN AUSTRALIAN SOLAR GREENHOUSE

K.V. Garzoli | G.S.G. Shell

95. A SPECIAL HEAT CONSERVING GREENHOUSE WITH SOLAR HEATED SOIL FOR CROP (TOMATO) PRODUCTION

A.C. Dale | V.M. Puri | P.A. Hammer

96. ROCK BED STORAGE INSIDE OF GREENHOUSES

H. Bredenbeck

97. EVALUATION OF A HEMISPHERIC SOLAR GREENHOUSE

S. Bégin | A. Gosselin | M.J. Trudel | P.A. Dubé | R. Chagnon

98. GREENHOUSE HEATING BY MEANS OF LATENT HEAT STORAGE UNITS

H. Nishina | T. Takakura

99. PROTOTYPE OF SOLAR BIOCLIMATIC GREENHOUSE

G. Picciurro | G. Boaga | V. Calderaro | L. Lannutti | L. Martincigh

100. GREENHOUSE HEATING WITH SUN ENERGY – THE GREENHOUSE AS COLLECTOR

Chr. v. Zabeltitz | J. Damrath

101. LOW COST SOLAR COLLECTORS FOR GREENHOUSE WATER HEATING

J.W. Bartok Jr | R.A. Aldrich

102. A COMPARISON OF FOSSIL AND SOLAR HEATING OF GREENHOUSES IN CYPRUS

J. Rheinlaender | I. Photiades

103. OVERCOMING HORTICULTURAL PROBLEMS IN SOLAR GREENHOUSES

D. L. Airhart

104. SHALLOW SOLAR PONDS TO HEAT GREENHOUSES

E.J. Carnegie | P.W. Niles | V.R. Walter

105. PERIODIC THEORY OF A GREENHOUSE

G.N. Tiwari | N.K. Dhiman

106. A COMPARISON OF SOLAR HEATED GREENHOUSES IN WOOSTER, OHIO (USA) AND MALAGA (SOUTHERN SPAIN)

J.I. Montero | T.H. Short

107. LOCALISATION DU CHAUFFAGE DE SOL ET D’AIR EN FONCTION DU STADE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DES PLANTES, APPLICATION AUX CULTURES D’IRIS, TULIPES, GLAIEULS, LIS.

Th. Boulard | J.C. Foucard | A. Mevel | C. Moley | D. Ruel

108. RESPONSE OF A COMMERCIAL ROSE CROP TO ROOT ZONE WARMING

Clive A. Schaupmeyer

109. NFT GREENHOUSE TOMATOES GROWN WITH HEATED NUTRIENT SOLUTION

Gene A. Giacomelli | Harry W. Janes

110. THE EFFECT OF ELEVATED ROOT ZONE TEMPERATURES OF VARIOUS DURATION ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEVERAL POINSETTIA CULTIVARS

G.J. Wulster | H.W. Janes

111. THE EFFECTS OF ROOT ZONE HEATING IN CONJUNCTION WITH STANDARD AND COOL NIGHT CONDITIONS ON THE GROWTH OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS

R. J. McAvoy | Harry W. Janes

112. EFFECT OF SOIL HEATING ON PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION IN NORTHERN GREENHOUSES.

A. Gosselin | M.J. Trudel

113. ROOT ZONE HEATING AS AN ELEMENT IN ENERGY CONSERVATION IN A SEASONAL HEAT STORAGE GREENHOUSE

M. Zeroni | A. Nir | R. Kopel

114. ROOT ZONE WARMING IN TOMATO PLANTS IN SOIL AND NFT

A. Pardossi | F. Tognoni | R. Tesi | M. Bertolacci | .

115. THE EFFECTS OF ROOT-ZONE HEATING AT NORMAL AND COOL AIR TEMPERATURES ON GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES OF TOMATOES

J. Hurewitz | M. Maletta | H.W. Janes

116. THE USE OF HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LIGHTS IN GREENHOUSE TOMATO CROP PRODUCTION

R. J. McAvoy | Harry W. Janes

117. SPECTRAL EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH OF LETTUCE UNDER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS

J.C. Sager

118. GROWTH ANALYSIS OF TOMATO PLANTS UNDER TWO LIGHT-TEMPERATURE REGIMES

J.J. Longuenesse

119. THE EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LIGHTING ON THE PRODUCTION OF TOMATOES, CUCUMBERS AND ROSES

T.J. Blom | F.J. Ingratta

120. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GROWING ROOMS IN DENMARK

S. Traberg-Borup