Articles
DISEASES OF PISTACHIO IN CALIFORNIA AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
Article number
419_56
Pages
337 – 344
Language
Abstract
The following is a list of major and minor fungal diseases of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) reported in California.
There are four major diseases: 1) Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae; (Thin-leaf decline is a manifestation of the Verticillium wilt disease.) 2) Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by Botrytis cinerea; 3) Alternaria late blight caused by Alternaria alternata; and 4) Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Minor diseases recorded include: 1) Armillaria root rot (or shoestring root rot) caused by Armillaria mellea; 2) Schizophyllum wood decay caused by Schizophyllum commune; 3) Sclerotinia shoot blight caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; 4) Phomopsis shoot blight caused by a Phomopsis sp.; 5) Powdery mildew caused by an unidentified species of powdery mildew fungus; and 6) Septoria leaf and fruit spot caused by Septoria pistaciae in California or Septoria pistaciarum in Arizona.
Pistachios fruits are attacked by: 1) Stigmatomycosis caused by two yeasts: Nematospora coryli or Aureobasidium pullulans which are transmitted by large hemipteran pests such as stinkbugs (Thyanta pallidovirens, Chlorochroa uhleri, and C. ligata) and a leaffooted bug (Leptoglossus clypealis); and 2) Aspergillus blights caused by Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus spp.
Occasionally, A. flavus and/or A. parasiticus can infect pistachio (mainly the early splits and/or those infested by the navel orange worm) and produce aflatoxin.
Recent research and methods for controlling some of these diseases will be discussed.
There are four major diseases: 1) Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae; (Thin-leaf decline is a manifestation of the Verticillium wilt disease.) 2) Botrytis blossom and shoot blight caused by Botrytis cinerea; 3) Alternaria late blight caused by Alternaria alternata; and 4) Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Minor diseases recorded include: 1) Armillaria root rot (or shoestring root rot) caused by Armillaria mellea; 2) Schizophyllum wood decay caused by Schizophyllum commune; 3) Sclerotinia shoot blight caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; 4) Phomopsis shoot blight caused by a Phomopsis sp.; 5) Powdery mildew caused by an unidentified species of powdery mildew fungus; and 6) Septoria leaf and fruit spot caused by Septoria pistaciae in California or Septoria pistaciarum in Arizona.
Pistachios fruits are attacked by: 1) Stigmatomycosis caused by two yeasts: Nematospora coryli or Aureobasidium pullulans which are transmitted by large hemipteran pests such as stinkbugs (Thyanta pallidovirens, Chlorochroa uhleri, and C. ligata) and a leaffooted bug (Leptoglossus clypealis); and 2) Aspergillus blights caused by Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus spp.
Occasionally, A. flavus and/or A. parasiticus can infect pistachio (mainly the early splits and/or those infested by the navel orange worm) and produce aflatoxin.
Recent research and methods for controlling some of these diseases will be discussed.
Publication
Authors
T.J. Michailides, D.P. Morgan, M.A. Doster
Keywords
Online Articles (70)