Articles
EXTRACTION DE L’HUILE ESSENTIELLE DE MYRTE (MYRTUS COMMUNIS L.) PROVENANT DE LA TUNISIE PAR HYDRODISTILLATION
Article number
853_28
Pages
241 – 250
Language
English
Abstract
The valorization of the aromatic and medicinal plants passes obligatorily by the extraction of their essential oils.
However this extraction is confronted, inter alia, with the low content of essential oil in the vegetal material.
Consequently, of the technological solutions, allowing recovery as complete as possible essential oils of good quality, are to be sought even when it is about the oldest of the extraction processes.
Moreover, if the extractive techniques kept, during centuries, their guiding principles, research in this field was directed towards the control and the optimization of the parameters related to the characteristics of the vegetal material to treat, more than the process itself in order to obtain a good quality product and to minimize the time of extraction.
It is within this framework that our work aims at determining the optimal operating conditions of essential oil extraction of the myrtle obtained by the process of hydrodistillation on the scale of the laboratory.
The study is related to three factors: the exposure time of the vegetal material to the ultrasounds, the ratio vegetal material weight/water weight and the condensation flow.
Optimization was carried out initially by a parametric method, then secondly according to the method of the planning of the experiments by using a complete factorial design 23. This plan associated with a mathematical model in the form of polynomial with the first degree, allowed to calculate the mean responses, the effects of the factors and their interactions.
The results showed that the ratio vegetal material weight/water weight and the condensation flow have a significant effect (in absolute value) on the essential oil yield of the myrtle (respectively -0,137 and 0,095) whereas the factor of ultrasounds showed a negligible effect (about -0,045). Essential oil yield recovered from 50 g of sheets of myrtle is, on average 0,87%.
However this extraction is confronted, inter alia, with the low content of essential oil in the vegetal material.
Consequently, of the technological solutions, allowing recovery as complete as possible essential oils of good quality, are to be sought even when it is about the oldest of the extraction processes.
Moreover, if the extractive techniques kept, during centuries, their guiding principles, research in this field was directed towards the control and the optimization of the parameters related to the characteristics of the vegetal material to treat, more than the process itself in order to obtain a good quality product and to minimize the time of extraction.
It is within this framework that our work aims at determining the optimal operating conditions of essential oil extraction of the myrtle obtained by the process of hydrodistillation on the scale of the laboratory.
The study is related to three factors: the exposure time of the vegetal material to the ultrasounds, the ratio vegetal material weight/water weight and the condensation flow.
Optimization was carried out initially by a parametric method, then secondly according to the method of the planning of the experiments by using a complete factorial design 23. This plan associated with a mathematical model in the form of polynomial with the first degree, allowed to calculate the mean responses, the effects of the factors and their interactions.
The results showed that the ratio vegetal material weight/water weight and the condensation flow have a significant effect (in absolute value) on the essential oil yield of the myrtle (respectively -0,137 and 0,095) whereas the factor of ultrasounds showed a negligible effect (about -0,045). Essential oil yield recovered from 50 g of sheets of myrtle is, on average 0,87%.
Authors
A. Haj Ammar, F. Zagrouba, M. Romdhane, M. Abderrabba
Keywords
factorial design 23, optimization, mathematical model, ultrasounds
Online Articles (55)