Articles
The impact of climate changes on the plum species in the southern part of Romania
Article number
1457_59
Pages
473 – 480
Language
English
Abstract
The climate changes that have become increasingly apparent in recent years have had a strong influence on the growth and fruiting of fruit tree species, and thus also on the plum.
In the southern part of Romania, an increase in certain climatic elements (1‰ certainty) was observed between 1969 and 2023: mean, maximum, and minimum air and soil temperatures, as well as potential evapotranspiration, according to the Penman-Monteith method.
Due to the significant increase in the maximum and mean temperatures of February, March, and April, the vegetation of the plum trees started 10-15 days earlier.
In addition, the late spring frosts that occur almost every year have a major impact on plum production in Romania.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the major effects of climate change on the phenophase of fruiting organs and the damage caused by the late frosts in the southern part of Romania.
Regarding phenological stages of ‘Tuleu gras’, in the last half century, we observed an advance of 19 days for stage 51 (bud swelling), 10 days for stage 53 (bud burst), 12 days for stage 61 (beginning of flowering), and 8 days for stage 69 (end of flowering). This advance increased the risk of frost damage.
In the last 20 years, climatic accidents during the winter period or at the beginning of the plum vegetation were registered in 9 years in Romania: damages caused by the late frosts in 6 years (2002, 2009, 2017, 2020, 2022, and 2023), and frosts causing damage in the winter season in three years.
The most serious climatic accident was registered in 2017, which led to harvest losses of 80-100% in the basic Romanian assortment (‘Stanley’, ‘Anna Späth’, ‘Tuleu gras’, ‘Centenar’, ‘Piteștean’, ‘Andreea’, ‘Record’, ‘Jojo’, ‘Čačanska Lepotiča’).
In the southern part of Romania, an increase in certain climatic elements (1‰ certainty) was observed between 1969 and 2023: mean, maximum, and minimum air and soil temperatures, as well as potential evapotranspiration, according to the Penman-Monteith method.
Due to the significant increase in the maximum and mean temperatures of February, March, and April, the vegetation of the plum trees started 10-15 days earlier.
In addition, the late spring frosts that occur almost every year have a major impact on plum production in Romania.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the major effects of climate change on the phenophase of fruiting organs and the damage caused by the late frosts in the southern part of Romania.
Regarding phenological stages of ‘Tuleu gras’, in the last half century, we observed an advance of 19 days for stage 51 (bud swelling), 10 days for stage 53 (bud burst), 12 days for stage 61 (beginning of flowering), and 8 days for stage 69 (end of flowering). This advance increased the risk of frost damage.
In the last 20 years, climatic accidents during the winter period or at the beginning of the plum vegetation were registered in 9 years in Romania: damages caused by the late frosts in 6 years (2002, 2009, 2017, 2020, 2022, and 2023), and frosts causing damage in the winter season in three years.
The most serious climatic accident was registered in 2017, which led to harvest losses of 80-100% in the basic Romanian assortment (‘Stanley’, ‘Anna Späth’, ‘Tuleu gras’, ‘Centenar’, ‘Piteștean’, ‘Andreea’, ‘Record’, ‘Jojo’, ‘Čačanska Lepotiča’).
Publication
Authors
M. Butac, E. Chitu, I. Mazilu
Keywords
Prunus domestica, temperature, phenological stages, late frosts, damages
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