Articles
Study regarding the influence of grafting method on walnut grafting success in protected spaces
Article number
1457_6
Pages
41 – 48
Language
English
Abstract
The main means of obtaining walnut grafted planting material is grafting and forcing it in protected spaces under controlled temperature and humidity conditions, followed by field introduction.
Numerous factors, such as the grafting method, temperature, atmospheric humidity, the content of phenolic compounds, the hormonal and nutritional conditions of the grafted cultivars, and the harvesting time of the grafted branches, influence the good grafting success of walnut.
The method of direct grafting in the field has been used by most nurseries in walnut-growing countries.
However, results are variable, with grafting success strongly influenced by climatic conditions and the physiological state of the symbionts (scion and rootstock). Starting from the hypothesis that the controlled space offers the possibility of a much more effective control of these factors, studies were carried out with the aim of producing grafted walnuts directly in a protected space (polyethylene tunnel). The experiments were carried out during 2017-2019, and four Romanian cultivars were used: ‘Anica’, ‘Velnița’, ‘Miroslava’, and ‘Grădinar’. The data obtained regarding grafting highlight the efficiency of the chip budding method, with 51.4% grafting success, a significant difference compared with grafting patch budding, which yielded only 33%. Microscopic observations of cross-sections taken 15 and 25 days after grafting at the grafting point highlighted both the presence of callus and undifferentiated parenchyma tissues, as well as the restoration of vascular continuity between grafts and rootstocks, in all walnut cultivars included in the study and grafted by the chip-budding method.
Numerous factors, such as the grafting method, temperature, atmospheric humidity, the content of phenolic compounds, the hormonal and nutritional conditions of the grafted cultivars, and the harvesting time of the grafted branches, influence the good grafting success of walnut.
The method of direct grafting in the field has been used by most nurseries in walnut-growing countries.
However, results are variable, with grafting success strongly influenced by climatic conditions and the physiological state of the symbionts (scion and rootstock). Starting from the hypothesis that the controlled space offers the possibility of a much more effective control of these factors, studies were carried out with the aim of producing grafted walnuts directly in a protected space (polyethylene tunnel). The experiments were carried out during 2017-2019, and four Romanian cultivars were used: ‘Anica’, ‘Velnița’, ‘Miroslava’, and ‘Grădinar’. The data obtained regarding grafting highlight the efficiency of the chip budding method, with 51.4% grafting success, a significant difference compared with grafting patch budding, which yielded only 33%. Microscopic observations of cross-sections taken 15 and 25 days after grafting at the grafting point highlighted both the presence of callus and undifferentiated parenchyma tissues, as well as the restoration of vascular continuity between grafts and rootstocks, in all walnut cultivars included in the study and grafted by the chip-budding method.
Publication
Authors
M. Istrate, C. Zlati, M. Apostol, M. Dascălu, M. Florea
Keywords
grafting, chip budding, protected area, walnut
Online Articles (96)