Articles
Recent advances in hazelnut production in Turkey
Article number
1379_1
Pages
1 – 6
Language
English
Abstract
Turkey is the worldRSQUOs largest hazelnut producer, accounting for 62% of the crop.
The crop size fluctuates but the average production has been 663,009 t in the last 5 years, and about 80-85% of the crop is exported.
There is a continuing trend of an increase in the production area which is currently 738,920 ha, which is a 4.4% increase in last five years.
There is always a risk of late spring frost damage.
The main cultivars in the Eastern Black Sea region are Tombul, Palaz, Foşa and Çakıldak while a mixture of cultivars and mostly Çakıldak are produced in the Western Black Sea region.
A grower selection called Yomra (not a synonym of Foşa) with late leafing and vigorous growth is also being planted in renewals in the deep and fertile plains of Samsun.
Some growers prefer to plant trees grafted on Corylus colurna seedlings, in addition to rooted suckers.
Certified nursery production has not yet been established.
Lately there has been an increase in contract farming, irrigation on the relatively flat lands and purchasing from cooperatives or cracking plants machine-drying service for nuts.
Harvest is generally performed by hand but vacuum harvesters are often used in the western region.
Separating the nuts from the husks using a patoz machine is a routine practice.
The severity of the new type of powdery mildew disease has apparently decreased recently while green shield bug is still a serious problem.
A new pest is the citrus longhorned beetle, which was first detected in Trabzon province in 2016 but spread quickly.
In 2021, plants in 286 ha of infested orchards were uprooted and destroyed with fire, but a wider area is likely infested.
The crop size fluctuates but the average production has been 663,009 t in the last 5 years, and about 80-85% of the crop is exported.
There is a continuing trend of an increase in the production area which is currently 738,920 ha, which is a 4.4% increase in last five years.
There is always a risk of late spring frost damage.
The main cultivars in the Eastern Black Sea region are Tombul, Palaz, Foşa and Çakıldak while a mixture of cultivars and mostly Çakıldak are produced in the Western Black Sea region.
A grower selection called Yomra (not a synonym of Foşa) with late leafing and vigorous growth is also being planted in renewals in the deep and fertile plains of Samsun.
Some growers prefer to plant trees grafted on Corylus colurna seedlings, in addition to rooted suckers.
Certified nursery production has not yet been established.
Lately there has been an increase in contract farming, irrigation on the relatively flat lands and purchasing from cooperatives or cracking plants machine-drying service for nuts.
Harvest is generally performed by hand but vacuum harvesters are often used in the western region.
Separating the nuts from the husks using a patoz machine is a routine practice.
The severity of the new type of powdery mildew disease has apparently decreased recently while green shield bug is still a serious problem.
A new pest is the citrus longhorned beetle, which was first detected in Trabzon province in 2016 but spread quickly.
In 2021, plants in 286 ha of infested orchards were uprooted and destroyed with fire, but a wider area is likely infested.
Publication
Authors
V. Erdoğan
Keywords
cultivar, contract farming, spring frosts, machine drying, powdery mildew, citrus longhorned beetle
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