Articles
A retrospective of 18 years of hazelnut phenology in southwestern France
Article number
1379_22
Pages
149 – 158
Language
English
Abstract
Hazelnut flowering and leaf phenology have been monitored yearly in southwestern France and stored in data files since the early 2000s.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the annual evolution of flowering and budbreak dates for productive hazelnut orchards in southwestern France.
The tested cultivars were Tonda di Giffoni, Barcelona, Segorbe, Pauetet, Corabel, Ennis, Feriale, and Lewis. For each cultivar, 2-3 trees were monitored in commercial orchards when they were 4-6 years old.
Female flowering and bud-flush dates were evaluated annually and compared with historical data.
Three groups of cultivars could be distinguished according to their flowering date.
Early cultivars such as Tonda di Giffoni, Pauetet, and Segorbe had a female flowering 8 to 19 days later than the historical values in southwestern France.
The beginning of winter was milder than climate references and the chilling requirements were met later. Barcelona showed a 15-day earlier flowering over the 15 years of monitoring.
This could be linked to the flowering period of this cultivar (late January to mid-February). Indeed, there are more frosts in this winter period than in December.
Finally, some cultivars such as Ennis, Lewis, and Corabel had a mean flowering date over the 15 years of monitoring near to those observed in the literature (from 4 days earlier to 2 days later). Winter could be harder from late January to the beginning of March and may provide the chilling hour requirements for these cultivars.
For all cultivars, the mean leaf budbreak date is earlier by at least seven days than those observed in the literature.
To conclude, climate change seems to have various impacts on hazelnut phenology, ranging from later female flowering to earlier budbreak making them susceptible to late spring frosts as observed in southwestern France in 2021.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the annual evolution of flowering and budbreak dates for productive hazelnut orchards in southwestern France.
The tested cultivars were Tonda di Giffoni, Barcelona, Segorbe, Pauetet, Corabel, Ennis, Feriale, and Lewis. For each cultivar, 2-3 trees were monitored in commercial orchards when they were 4-6 years old.
Female flowering and bud-flush dates were evaluated annually and compared with historical data.
Three groups of cultivars could be distinguished according to their flowering date.
Early cultivars such as Tonda di Giffoni, Pauetet, and Segorbe had a female flowering 8 to 19 days later than the historical values in southwestern France.
The beginning of winter was milder than climate references and the chilling requirements were met later. Barcelona showed a 15-day earlier flowering over the 15 years of monitoring.
This could be linked to the flowering period of this cultivar (late January to mid-February). Indeed, there are more frosts in this winter period than in December.
Finally, some cultivars such as Ennis, Lewis, and Corabel had a mean flowering date over the 15 years of monitoring near to those observed in the literature (from 4 days earlier to 2 days later). Winter could be harder from late January to the beginning of March and may provide the chilling hour requirements for these cultivars.
For all cultivars, the mean leaf budbreak date is earlier by at least seven days than those observed in the literature.
To conclude, climate change seems to have various impacts on hazelnut phenology, ranging from later female flowering to earlier budbreak making them susceptible to late spring frosts as observed in southwestern France in 2021.
Publication
Authors
J. Toillon, C. Mulot-Greffeuille, A. Paradinas, A. Lefrançois, L. Ramade, M. Thomas
Keywords
Corylus avellana L., filbert, climate change, flowering, leaf bud flush, chilling requirement
Groups involved
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